Estimating the Need for Sedation in Patients with Dental Anxiety and Medical Complexities Reporting to Tertiary Care Dental Hospital Using the IOSN Tool.

Objectives: To provide consistent method for assessment of sedation need among patients undergoing dental treatment based on specific risk factors that is dental anxiety, medical status, and treatment complexity of needed dental treatment using IOSN (indication of sedation need) tool for assisting the clinician in decision making process.

Methods: A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising of three sections was distributed among the participants.

Establishment of Diagnostic Protocols for COVID-19 Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the oscillation of laboratory parameters among indoor patients infected with COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Tertiary Care Institute, Rawalpindi from 01 March 2020 to 20 May 2020. Three hundred and ninety-two patients with mild to moderate illness, PCR positive for COVID 19 were included.