Efficacy and Safety of the Utilization of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using level 1 evidence.

Methods: The Cochrane and PubMed databases were searched from inception until January 1, 2022. RCTs that studied the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients with CKD were included.

A vibrating ingestible bioelectronic stimulator modulates gastric stretch receptors for illusory satiety.

Effective therapies for obesity require invasive surgical and endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for patients with obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.

A Vibrating Ingestible BioElectronic Stimulator Modulates Gastric Stretch Receptors for Illusory Satiety.

Effective therapies for obesity either require invasive surgical or endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for the nearly 42% of American adults who suffer from obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.

Sub-1.4 cm capsule for detecting labile inflammatory biomarkers in situ.

Transient molecules in the gastrointestinal tract such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are key signals and mediators of inflammation. Owing to their highly reactive nature and extremely short lifetime in the body, these molecules are difficult to detect. Here we develop a miniaturized device that integrates genetically engineered probiotic biosensors with a custom-designed photodetector and readout chip to track these molecules in the gastrointestinal tract.

Phenotypic variability to medication management: an update on fragile X syndrome.

This review discusses the discovery, epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic etiology, molecular diagnosis, and medication-based management of fragile X syndrome (FXS). It also highlights the syndrome's variable expressivity and common comorbid and overlapping conditions. FXS is an X-linked dominant disorder associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features, including but not limited to intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, language deficits, macroorchidism, seizures, and anxiety.

A presumptive case of cutaneous emergomycosis in a female patient with HIV - Maseru, Lesotho.

Unlabelled: Emergomycosis is a recently described emerging opportunistic fungal infection among individuals living with HIV, in whom it is a cause of significant mortality and morbidity. This article retrospectively reports on a presumptive case of extensive cutaneous emergomycosis in a young immunocompromised patient from Lesotho. The histopathological features on skin biopsy were in keeping with emergomyces infection.

Efficacy of insulin dosing algorithms for high-fat high-protein mixed meals to control postprandial glycemic excursions in people living with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Optimizing postprandial blood glucose (PPG) levels after mixed meals that contain high fat and protein remains a challenge in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. This study evaluated the efficacy of different algorithms used for dosing insulin based on counting units of high fat and high protein (HFHP) meals with the current conventional method of counting carbohydrates alone to control PPG excursions. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched, with the analysis restricted to randomized control trials (RCTs).

Adherence to Community Acquired Pneumonia guideleines and patients outcomes in a peri-urban hospital in Natal, South Africa.

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This issue is further exacerbated by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic.

Methodology: The study was a retrospective, clinical record review of hospitalized patients (18 years and older) with a diagnosis of LRTI between the 1st of January 2012 and 31 December 2012, descriptive and comparable analysis was performed.

Weekly Semaglutide vs. Liraglutide Efficacy Profile: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is a class of hypoglycemic medications. Semaglutide once-weekly (QW) and liraglutide once-daily (OD) significantly improved glycemic control compared to placebo. To date, no long-term phase III trials directly comparing semaglutide and liraglutide are available.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis against Surgical Site Infection after Open Hernia Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The role of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) after hernia repair is debated. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence on the value of prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the risks of SSI after open hernia surgery.

Methods: We ran an online and manual search to identify relevant randomized controlled trials that compared prophylactic antibiotics to nonantibiotic controls in patients undergoing open surgical hernia repair.

Cherry angioma: A case-control study.

Background: Cherry angiomas (CAs) are very common asymptomatic vascular skin lesions. There are only a few studies on CAs in the literature and those assessing risk factors of CAs are scarce. The aim of our study was to determine risk factors for the development of CAs.

Modelling risk assessment for cervical cancer in symptomatic Saudi women.

To assess whether the utility of cervical cancer screening could be improved by combining multiple factors in addition to the pap test. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 300 symptomatic women who were suspected to have cervical cancer and referred for biopsy examination at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between February 2017 and December 2017. Results: A high risk of cervical cancer in Saudi women was associated with 4 risk factors: family history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.

Systematic review and meta-analysis for the use of ultrasound versus radiology in diagnosing of pneumonia.

Background: Physicians are increasingly using point of care lung ultrasound (LUS) for diagnosing pneumonia, especially in critical situations as it represents relatively easy and immediately available tool. They also used it in many associated pathological conditions such as consolidation, pleural effusion, and interstitial syndrome with some reports of more accuracy than chest X-ray. This systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed to estimate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia versus the standard chest radiological imaging.

Five-year comparison of diabetic control between community diabetic center and primary health-care centers.

Context: Hyperglycemia is the most important factor for development of complications. A high level of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is linked with such complications of diabetes.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare diabetic care between community diabetic center (CDC) and primary health centers.

WITHDRAWN: Prophylactic steroids for pediatric open heart surgery.

The Cochrane Heart Group withdrew this review as the current author team are unable to progress to the final review stage. This title has been taken over by a new author team who are producing a review, starting with a new protocol (Corticosteroids in paediatric heart surgery). The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.

The Impact of Nurse-Led Clinics on the Mortality and Morbidity of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Nurse-led clinics (NLCs) have been developed in several health specialties in recent years. The aim of this analysis is to summarize and appraise the available evidence about the effectiveness of NLCs on the morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods: We searched Cochrane databases, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, BIOSIS, and bibliography of secondary sources from inception through February 20, 2013.

Accuracy of urea breath test in Helicobacter pylori infection: meta-analysis.

Aim: To quantitatively summarize and appraise the available evidence of urea breath test (UBT) use to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with dyspepsia and provide pooled diagnostic accuracy measures.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library and other databases for studies addressing the value of UBT in the diagnosis of H.

Increased urinary excretion of carnitine and acylcarnitine by mercuric chloride is reversed by 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid in rats.

This investigation was aimed to study the effect of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) on mercuric chloride (HgCl(2))-induced alterations in urinary excretion of various carnitine fractions including free carnitine (FC), acylcarnitine (AC), and total carnitine (TC). Different groups of Wistar male rats were treated with HgCl(2) at the doses of 0.1, 0.

Characterization of tyrosinase- and polyphenol esterase-catalyzed end products using selected phenolic substrates.

The oxidative end products that result from the biocatalysis of tyrosinase (PPO) and/or a polyphenol esterase (PPE) extract have been investigated simultaneously in model systems containing selected phenolic compounds as substrates. The spectrophotometric scanning of brown color, formed in the presence of both PPO and PPE, showed a decrease in the absorbance compared to that obtained with PPO only. Graphical analyses of the iterative spectra of oxidized phenolic end products by PPO confirmed the presence of, at least, three kinetically related absorbing species.