Young-onset diabetes in Asian Indians is associated with lower measured and genetically determined beta cell function.

Aims/hypothesis: South Asians in general, and Asian Indians in particular, have higher risk of type 2 diabetes compared with white Europeans, and a younger age of onset. The reasons for the younger age of onset in relation to obesity, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity are under-explored.

Methods: Two cohorts of Asian Indians, the ICMR-INDIAB cohort (Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes Study) and the DMDSC cohort (Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre), and one of white Europeans, the ESDC (East Scotland Diabetes Cohort), were used.

Modified technique for unipolar allograft ankle replacement: midterm follow-up. A case report.

The management of tibiotalar arthritis remains a clinical challenge. Conventional treatment relies primarily upon arthrodesis or prosthetic arthroplasty. Fresh osteochondral total ankle allograft transplantation has been reported in limited cases.

Survey of short-term oral corticosteroid administration by orthopaedic physicians in college and high school athletes.

The use of oral corticosteroid (OCS) drugs is advocated because of their potent anti-inflammatory effects. They also possess many potential adverse effects. No study has assessed physician prescribing practices of OCS therapy in high school (HS) or college (COL) athletes.

Osteoarticular autograft and allograft transplantation of the knee: 3 year follow-up.

Between 1998 and 2001, a total of 48 patients underwent autologous or allograft osteoarticular transplantation with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Nineteen patients underwent concomitant procedures. Average patient age was 46 years.

The results of arthroscopic versus mini-open repair for rotator cuff tears at mid-term follow-up.

Background: To prospectively evaluate patients who underwent a "mini-open" repair versus a completely arthroscopic technique for small to large size rotator cuff tears.

Methods: Fifty-two patients underwent "mini-open" or all arthroscopic repair of a full thickness tear of the rotator cuff. Patients who complained of shoulder pain and/or weakness and who had failed a minimum of 6 weeks of physical therapy and had at least one sub-acromial injection were surgical candidates.

Transfer of the latissimus dorsi as a salvage procedure for failed debridement and attempted repair of massive rotator cuff tears.

Seven patients who had a previously failed attempt at debridement and repair of a massive rotator cuff tear were managed with latissimus dorsi transfer. Patient age averaged 63 years and average follow-up was 31 months. All patients were evaluated with shoulder radiographs, Constant and Murley Scores, UCLA Shoulder Score, visual analog pain score, range of motion, and the Short Shoulder Form.

Viscoelastic studies of human subscapularis tendon: relaxation test and a Wiechert model.

Numerical techniques such as the finite element method employ the material constitutive laws for their analysis. With regards to finite element analysis involving viscoelastic solids, the Generalized Standard Linear Solid (Wiechert) model has been a popular choice among available constitutive laws. Although numerous models have been developed to specifically describe the viscoelastic behavior of tendons and ligaments, most of them have not been implemented in commercial finite element packages.

Medicolegal issues affecting sports medicine practitioners.

The practice of sports medicine represents a unique subspecialty within the discipline of medicine. Practitioners provide care for athletes who engage in activities that may put the athletes at risk for serious injury. Physicians may be held legally liable for not doing a standardized pre-participation evaluation, for not administering adequate on-site or after injury care, or for violating an individual's civil rights by refusing to allow continued participation because of medical risk.

The antibiotic cement nail for infection after tibial nailing.

This article introduces the antibiotic-impregnated cement nail for the treatment of tibial shaft fracture infection and outlines the technique regarding its placement.

A radiographic study of the detection limits of bone-cement remnants in total joint arthroplasty.

Management of an infected hip prosthesis typically requires that all associated cement be removed. In the absence of gross mantle loosening, the surgeon frequently resorts to intraoperative radiographs to assess the completeness of removal. For this reason, we undertook a study to determine limits of detection of retained cement by routine radiography.

Effects of hexachlorobenzene on embryonic mammalian cells.

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent organic pollutant that has been found to be bioaccumulating in several Arctic regions of the world. The response of embryonic cells to HCB exposure has been evaluated for several different cytotoxic responses, including genotoxic effects. NIH 3T3 (mouse) and WS1 (human) embryonic cells were exposed to HCB at 1 and 10 times the average newborn cord blood concentrations of Alaska Arctic natives.