Evaluating the effects of community treatment orders (CTOs) in England using the Mental Health Services Dataset (MHSDS): protocol for a national, population-based study.

Introduction: Supervised community treatment (SCT) for people with serious mental disorders has become accepted practice in many countries around the world. In England, SCT was adopted in 2008 in the form of community treatment orders (CTOs). CTOs have been used more than expected, with significant variations between people and places.

Combined adjuvant-delivery system for new generation vaccine antigens: alliance has its own advantage.

Vaccines are a significant historical accomplishment in medical science due to its significance in saving millions of lives around the world with a manifold decline in disease burden and health expenditure. Since last decade, extensive efforts in vaccine design based on rational and experimental set up prompts the acknowledgement of several protective antigens; however, the utilization of those antigens as intense safe vaccines is still far beyond their discovery. The advancement of accomplished vaccines will need the combination of numerous strategies.

Comparative effectiveness of beta-interferons and glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: systematic review and network meta-analysis of trials including recommended dosages.

Background: We systematically reviewed the comparative effectiveness of injectable beta-interferons (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA) on annualised relapse rate (ARR), progression and discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) in RRMS, using evidence from within the drugs' recommended dosages.

Methods: We updated prior comprehensive reviews, checked references of included studies, contacted experts in the field, and screened websites for relevant publications to locate randomised trials of IFN-β and GA with recommended dosages in RRMS populations, compared against placebo or other recommended dosages. Abstracts were screened and assessed for inclusion in duplicate and independently.

Correction to: Managing the link and strengthening transition from child to adult mental health Care in Europe (MILESTONE): background, rationale and methodology.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported they wanted to reinstate a co-author, who previously declined his authorship due to a misinterpretation of authorship limitations per research center.

Skin Targeting of Oxiconazole Nitrate Loaded Nanostructured Lipid- Carrier Gel for Fungal Infections.

Background: The progression of fungal infections can be rapid and serious due to compromising with immune function. They may cause liver damage, affect estrogen levels or may cause allergic reactions. Oxiconazole nitrate (OXZN) is a broad spectrum commonly used antifungal drug.

Sex-specific associations of infants' gut microbiome with arsenic exposure in a US population.

Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with antimicrobial properties that can be found in food and drinking water. The influence of arsenic exposure on the composition of the human microbiome in US populations remains unknown, particularly during the vulnerable infant period. We investigated the relationship between arsenic exposure and gut microbiome composition in 204 infants prospectively followed as part of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

A realist approach to the evaluation of complex mental health interventions.

Conventional approaches to evidence that prioritise randomised controlled trials appear increasingly inadequate for the evaluation of complex mental health interventions. By focusing on causal mechanisms and understanding the complex interactions between interventions, patients and contexts, realist approaches offer a productive alternative. Although the approaches might be combined, substantial barriers remain.

Improving the solubility of nevirapine using A hydrotropy and mixed hydrotropy based solid dispersion approach.

Background: Nevirapine, an antiviral drug, is a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). It is used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection and AIDS. Nevirapine is a BCS class II drug which shows dissolution rate limited absorption.

Armamentarium of nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems customized for oral administration: In silico docking patronage, absorption phenomenon, preclinical status, clinical status and future prospects.

Poor drug solubility and bioavailability remain a significant and frequently encountered concern for pharmaceutical scientists. Nanoscaled lipid drug delivery systems (NSLDDS) have exhibited great potentials in oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, primarily for lipophilic drugs, with several successful clinical products. In the past few years, we have find out that optimized composition of drug in lipid, surfactant, or mixture of lipid and surfactant omits the solubility, permeability and bioavailability issues, which are potential limitations for oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Maternal diet during pregnancy is related with the infant stool microbiome in a delivery mode-dependent manner.

Background: The gut microbiome has an important role in infant health and immune development and may be affected by early-life exposures. Maternal diet may influence the infant gut microbiome through vertical transfer of maternal microbes to infants during vaginal delivery and breastfeeding. We aimed to examine the association of maternal diet during pregnancy with the infant gut microbiome 6 weeks post-delivery in mother-infant dyads enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

Realist Evaluation of the Use of Patient Experience Data to Improve the Quality of Inpatient Mental Health Care (EURIPIDES) in England: study protocol.

Introduction: Inpatient mental healthcare continues to be an area of high risk and where patients report negative experiences. To ensure the patient voice is heard, National Health Service (NHS) Trusts are required to collect feedback from patients routinely. We do not know what kinds of feedback are most important or what management processes are needed to translate this into effective action plans.

Standard wound management versus negative-pressure wound therapy in the treatment of adult patients having surgical incisions for major trauma to the lower limb-a two-arm parallel group superiority randomised controlled trial: protocol for Wound Healing in Surgery for Trauma (WHIST).

Introduction: Patients with closed high-energy injuries associated with major trauma have surprisingly high rates of surgical site infection in incisions created during fracture fixation. One factor that may reduce the risk of surgical site infection is the type of dressing applied over the closed surgical incision. In this multicentre randomised clinical trial, negative-pressure wound therapy will be compared with standard dressings with outcomes of deep infection, quality of life, pain and disability.

Managing the link and strengthening transition from child to adult mental health Care in Europe (MILESTONE): background, rationale and methodology.

Background: Transition from distinct Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is beset with multitude of problems affecting continuity of care for young people with mental health needs. Transition-related discontinuity of care is a major health, socioeconomic and societal challenge globally. The overall aim of the Managing the Link and Strengthening Transition from Child to Adult Mental Health Care in Europe (MILESTONE) project (2014-19) is to improve transition from CAMHS to AMHS in diverse healthcare settings across Europe.

Self-assembled nanomicelles of amphiphilic clotrimazole glycyl-glycine analogue augmented drug delivery, apoptosis and restrained melanoma tumour progression.

In present investigation, self-assembled nanomicelles of amphiphilic clotrimazole glycyl-glycine (CLT-GG-SANMs) analogue were customized for augmenting drug delivery, permeability and apoptosis in B16F1 mouse melanoma cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo following intratumoral (i.t.) route of administration.

A Practical Guide to Conducting a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Health State Utility Values.

Economic analysts are increasingly likely to rely on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of health state utility values to inform the parameter inputs of decision-analytic modelling-based economic evaluations. Beyond the context of economic evaluation, evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of health state utility values can be used to inform broader health policy decisions. This paper provides practical guidance on how to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of health state utility values.

Almonds and Cardiovascular Health: A Review.

Several preventive strategies to reduce dyslipidemia have been suggested, of which dietary modification features as an important one. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and strategies to manage dyslipidemia have been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although there are proven pharmacological therapies to help manage this condition, nutritional interventions are a safer option to help prevent and manage dyslipidemia.

Intratumoral administration of carboplatin bearing poly (ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles amalgamated with in situ gel tendered augmented drug delivery, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in melanoma tumor.

Background And Objective: In a phase II clinical trial, carboplatin (CBDCA) displayed the response rate of 19% equivalent to dacarbazine in the treatment of malignant melanoma. However, besides desirable therapeutic profile, intravenous (i.v) administration of CBDCA delivers a subtherapeutic concentration at the target site.

Hippocampal and amygdalar cell-specific translation is similar soon after stress but diverge over time.

Stress is known to cause contrasting patterns of morphological and physiological plasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala. An obligatory cellular process underlying such neural changes is de novo translation and alterations in protein expression. Yet the nature of the translational response to stress in neurons remains largely unexplored.

Chloroquine diphosphate bearing dextran nanoparticles augmented drug delivery and overwhelmed drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum parasites.

Chloroquine diphosphate (CHQ) is primarily used for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria at the dose of 500mg orally or 10mg/kg parenterally. However, point mutations in Plasmodiumfalciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) protein and Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1 (Pfmdr1) localized in digestive vacuole membrane, are responsible for CHQ resistance. Therefore, in present investigation, dextran nanoparticles bearing chloroquine diphosphate (CHQ-DEX-NPs) were formulated by solvent diffusion method of size below 70nm with zeta-potential of -20.

Value of information methods to design a clinical trial in a small population to optimise a health economic utility function.

Background: Most confirmatory randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) are designed with specified power, usually 80% or 90%, for a hypothesis test conducted at a given significance level, usually 2.5% for a one-sided test. Approval of the experimental treatment by regulatory agencies is then based on the result of such a significance test with other information to balance the risk of adverse events against the benefit of the treatment to future patients.