The development of cement and concrete additive: based on xylonic acid derived via bioconversion of xylose.

The present work attempted to utilize xylose by converting it to an aldonic acid. In the present study, xylose was converted to xyloni acid by using commercial glucose oxidase enzyme, palladium catalysis, and microbial bioconversion. The enzyme conversion was successfully done using a commercial glucose oxidase.

The development of cement and concrete additive: based on xylonic acid derived via bioconversion of xylose.

The present work attempted to utilize xylose by converting it to an aldonic acid. In the present study, xylose was converted to xylonic acid by using commercial glucose oxidase enzyme, palladium catalysis, and microbial bioconversion. The enzyme conversion was successfully done using a commercial glucose oxidase.

Optical sensors for detection of bacteria. 1. General concepts and initial development.

The concept of using immobilized nucleic acid stains as detection chemistry to fabricate optical bacterial sensors is first demonstrated. SYTO 13 (a green fluorescent cell stain) is used as the molecular recognition element and fluorescent reporter in the sensor. The sensor responds to aqueous and aerosolized bacterial samples in 15 and 30 min, respectively.

Serum IgG reactivity to subgingival bacteria in initial periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy subjects.

Background/aims: Established periodontal diseases may be associated with antibody responses to periodontal pathogens, but it is not known at which stage of disease this antibody response is initiated. This study aimed to characterize the host systemic response in initial periodontitis, gingivitis, and periodontal health, to evaluate whether elevated serum antibodies to subgingival species could be detected in initial periodontitis.

Method: Human systemic immune response were evaluated to 40 subgingival bacterial species in 16 healthy, 21 gingivitis, 11 initial periodontitis and 5 progressing recession adults.

Campylobacter species in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

At least seven Campylobacter species have been identified from subgingival sites. Campylobacter rectus has been implicated as a periodontal pathogen; however, association with periodontal infections of other Campylobacter species, especially the newly described Campylobacter showae, is unclear. This study examined which Campylobacter species were associated with periodontal health and disease.

Identification of oral Actinomyces species using DNA probes.

Oral Actinomyces comprise a major segment of both the supra- and subgingival microbiota; however, little is known about the distribution of individual species in different sites or clinical conditions. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop DNA probes for suggested species and genotypes of oral Actinomyces. Whole genomic DNA probes to 12 human oral species and/or serotypes were labeled with digoxigenin and used to seek cross-reactions among the taxa using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization assay.

Subgingival temperature and microbiota in initial periodontitis.

The association between subgingival temperature, other clinical characteristics, and the subgingival microbiota was examined in adult subjects with initial periodontitis and differing levels of gingival inflammation. 43 subjects were measured at 6 sites per tooth for pocket depth, attachment level, presence of plaque, gingival redness, bleeding on probing and subgingival temperature at 3-month intervals for 1 year. Subgingival plaque was sampled from 15 initial active periodontitis sites (10 subjects), 121 gingivitis, sites (20 subjects) and 202 healthy sites (13 subjects), and included the 5 hottest and 5 coldest sites in each subject.

Microbiota of health, gingivitis, and initial periodontitis.

This study compared the subgingival microbiota in periodontal health, gingivitis and initial periodontitis using predominant culture and a DNA probe, checkerboard hybridization method. 56 healthy adult subjects with minimal periodontal attachment loss were clinically monitored at 3-month intervals for 12 months. More sites demonstrated small increments of attachment loss than attachment gain over the monitoring period.

Rapid characterization of periodontal bacterial isolates by using fluorogenic substrate tests.

Eighty-nine species of subgingival bacteria, represented by 121 reference strains and 892 patient isolates, including gram-negative, gram-positive, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, microaerophilic, and anaerobic species, were characterized with a panel of fluorogenic, 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked substrate tests. Identifications of all patient isolates were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole-cell proteins relative to reference strains. Characteristic profiles of positive fluorogenic reactions differentiated most of the species, including five Porphyromonas species, six pigmenting and five nonpigmenting Prevotella species, Bacteroides forsythus, three Capnocytophaga species, six Actinomyces species, four Propionibacterium species, and eight Streptococcus species.

Helicobacter mustelae isolation from feces of ferrets: evidence to support fecal-oral transmission of a gastric Helicobacter.

Helicobacter mustelae has been isolated from stomachs of ferrets with chronic gastritis and ulcers. When H. mustelae is inoculated orally into H.

Effects of sodium and hydrogen fluorides on the metabolism of fluorine, calcium, and phosphorus in rats.

Rats given 4 mg. fluoride/kg./day for eight days excreted more calcium and phosphorus and retained less than the controls.