Hydroponic fodders as alternative feeds for ruminants to reduce ruminal methane emissions: An in vitro study.

Malate, a precursor in the ruminal propionate production pathway, competes with methanogenesis for metabolic hydrogen, offering a way to reduce ruminal methane (CH) production in ruminants. However, cost considerations hinder widespread use of malate in ruminant diets. An alternative approach involves use of transient malate levels generated during seed germination via the glyoxylate cycle.

A Phase 3b Study for Management of Ocular Side Effects in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Amplified Glioblastoma Receiving Depatuxizumab Mafodotin.

Introduction: The Understanding New Interventions with GBM ThErapy (UNITE) study was designed to assess the effect of prophylaxis for ocular side effects (OSEs) in patients with glioblastoma receiving the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) depatuxizumab mafodotin. UNITE (NCT03419403) was a phase 3b, open-label, randomized, exploratory study performed at 18 research sites in 5 countries.

Methods: The study enrolled adult patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-amplified, histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma or grade IV gliosarcoma, and a Karnofsky Performance Status ≥70, receiving depatuxizumab mafodotin.

The SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the Cholinergic System: Spike Protein Interaction with Human Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and the Nicotinic Agonist Varenicline.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is still being elucidated, the nicotinic cholinergic system may play a role. To evaluate the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we assessed the in vitro interaction of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with various subunits of nAChRs.

OC-01 (Varenicline Solution) Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms in Subjects with Autoimmune Disease: Integrated Data from ONSET-1 and ONSET-2.

Purpose: We evaluate the treatment effect of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray (VNS) in dry eye disease (DED) subjects from two randomized trials who self-reported autoimmune disease (AID).

Patients And Methods: Post hoc subgroup analysis of subjects reporting a history of AID from the integrated OC-01 VNS 0.03 or 0.

Does Dry Eye Disease Severity Impact Efficacy of Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray on Sign and Symptom Treatment Outcomes?

Significance: There is a clinical necessity for dry eye disease treatments that perform across a broad range of presenting patient severities. Varenicline solution nasal spray (VNS), a unique cholinergic agonist ocular surface-sparing nasal spray therapy, demonstrated significant improvement in both signs and symptoms of dry eye disease in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms as the clinical studies enrolled a more real-world patient population.

Purpose: This study evaluated efficacy outcomes for VNS in patients with mild-moderate and severe dry eye disease.

OC-01 (Varenicline Solution) Nasal Spray Demonstrates Consistency of Effect Regardless of Age, Race, Ethnicity, and Artificial Tear Use.

Purpose: To evaluate OC-01 [varenicline solution nasal spray (VNS)] tear production and symptom outcomes in patients with dry eye disease by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and artificial tear use status.

Patients And Methods: Adults ≥22 years of age diagnosed with dry eye disease, with Ocular Surface Disease Index score ≥23, corneal fluorescein staining score ≥2 in ≥1 region or ≥4 for all regions, and baseline Schirmer Test Score (STS) ≤10 mm, with no restrictions on eye dryness score (EDS). Efficacy was assessed using integrated data from ONSET-1 and ONSET-2 [vehicle control (VC), n=294; OC-01 VNS 0.

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of phase 3 clinical trial outcomes of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray and lifitegrast 5% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye disease.

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) is a methodology for cross-study comparisons after adjusting for baseline characteristic imbalances. It is a comparative analytical approach used across therapeutic areas absent head-to-head trial outcomes. To compare the efficacy of OC-01 (varenicline solution) 0.

Depatuxizumab mafodotin in EGFR-amplified newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A phase III randomized clinical trial.

Background: Approximately 50% of newly diagnosed glioblastomas (GBMs) harbor epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification (EGFR-amp). Preclinical and early-phase clinical data suggested efficacy of depatuxizumab mafodotin (depatux-m), an antibody-drug conjugate comprised of a monoclonal antibody that binds activated EGFR (overexpressed wild-type and EGFRvIII-mutant) linked to a microtubule-inhibitor toxin in EGFR-amp GBMs.

Methods: In this phase III trial, adults with centrally confirmed, EGFR-amp newly diagnosed GBM were randomized 1:1 to radiotherapy, temozolomide, and depatux-m/placebo.

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of phase 3 clinical trial outcomes: OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray and cyclosporine a 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion for the treatment of dry eye disease.

Matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) is a validated and widely accepted statistical method that derives indirect comparisons between treatments when head-to-head studies have not been performed. To compare the efficacy of OC-01 varenicline nasal spray (OC-01 VNS) 0.03 mg to cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.

Standard management options for rosacea: The 2019 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee.

In 2017, a National Rosacea Society Expert Committee developed and published an updated classification of rosacea to reflect current insights into rosacea pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and management. These developments suggest that a multivariate disease process underlies the various clinical manifestations of the disorder. The new system is consequently based on phenotypes that link to this process, providing clear parameters for research and diagnosis as well as encouraging clinicians to assess and treat the disorder as it may occur in each individual.

Prelamellar Dissection Donor Corneal Thickness Is Associated With Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Operative Complications in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Purpose: To identify donor and recipient factors, including eye bank tissue observations, predictive of operative complications in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Methods: One thousand three hundred thirty study eyes undergoing Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic/aphakic corneal edema were randomized to receive a donor cornea with preservation time (PT) of 0 to 7 days (N = 675) or 8 to 14 days (N = 655). Donor factors included demographics, prelamellar corneal and postlamellar lenticule dissection thickness, central endothelial cell density, and tissue processing time.

Use of Topical Rho Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Fuchs Dystrophy After Descemet Stripping Only.

Purpose: Fuchs corneal dystrophy (FD) is a common cause of endothelial keratoplasty. Recently, a series of FD cases treated with Descemet stripping only (DSO) demonstrated recovery of the central endothelium without transplantation of donor cells. Ripasudil, a rho kinase inhibitor, has been shown to promote corneal endothelial wound healing in animal models.

Factors Associated With Graft Rejection in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Purpose: To identify factors related to graft rejection following Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in the Cornea Preservation Time Study (CPTS).

Design: Cohort study within a multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Methods: A total of 1330 eyes of 1090 subjects undergoing DSAEK were randomized to receive a donor cornea with preservation time (PT) of 0-7 days (n = 675) or 8-14 days (n = 655) and followed for 3 years.

Donor, Recipient, and Operative Factors Associated with Graft Success in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Purpose: To associate donor, recipient, and operative factors with graft success 3 years after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in the Cornea Preservation Time Study (CPTS).

Design: Cohort study within a multicenter, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.

Participants: One thousand ninety individuals (1330 study eyes) with a median age of 70 years undergoing DSAEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (94% of eyes) or pseudophakic or aphakic corneal edema (PACE; 6% of eyes).

Incidence and Outcomes of Positive Donor Rim Cultures and Infections in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Purpose: To assess donor rim culture results and outcomes of ocular infections in the Cornea Preservation Time Study (CPTS).

Methods: Donor corneal rim cultures were optional. Donor characteristics were assessed for association with positive cultures using the Fisher exact test and Poisson regression analyses.

Adherence to Hydroxychloroquine Dosing Guidelines by Rheumatologists: An Electronic Medical Record-Based Study in an Integrated Health Care System.

Purpose: To study the adherence of rheumatologists to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosing guidelines established by the American Academy of Ophthalmology in 2011 and 2016.

Design: Retrospective review of electronic medical records (EMRs) in an integrated health care system.

Participants: All rheumatology patients started on HCQ who were seen by a NorthShore ophthalmologist between the years 2009 and 2016.

Report of the Eye Bank Association of America Medical Review Subcommittee on Adverse Reactions Reported From 2007 to 2014.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of adverse reactions after corneal transplantation, reported to the Eye Bank Association of America.

Methods: Incidence of adverse reactions from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2014, was analyzed.

Results: Of the 354,930 transplants performed in the United States, adverse reactions were reported in 494 cases (0.

Ligand-specific regulation of the endogenous mu-opioid receptor by chronic treatment with mu-opioid peptide agonists.

Since the discovery of the endomorphins (EM), the postulated endogenous peptide agonists of the mu-opioid receptors, several analogues have been synthesized to improve their binding and pharmacological profiles. We have shown previously that a new analogue, cis-1S,2R-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid(2)-endomorphin-2 (ACHC-EM2), had elevated mu-receptor affinity, selectivity, and proteolytic stability over the parent compound. In the present work, we have studied its antinociceptive effects and receptor regulatory processes.

Individual phenotypic variances in a family with Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy.

Purpose: To diagnose Thiel-Behnke dystrophy, an autosomal dominant disease of the anterior basement membrane/Bowman membrane complex and corneal stroma, currently relies primarily on the overall clinical presentation of patient complaints, inheritance pattern, and physical appearance of the corneal findings on slit-lamp examination. Key challenges to accurately identifying the disease are variable and often obscured morphology caused from secondary scarring, creating phenotypic deviation from the "classical" presentation, and mimicry of characteristics typical of other closely related dystrophies. In this report, we demonstrate the high degree of phenotypic variability that can be found in this disease.

What causes keratoconus?

Purpose: The etiology of keratoconus has been the subject of numerous studies. Here, we review the body of literature that attempts to determine what causes keratoconus.

Methods: A review of the published literature was performed to evaluate the possible causes of keratoconus and how the different etiologies may play a role in the development of this disease.

Incidence of presumed iatrogenic graft failure in Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate presumed iatrogenic graft failure (PIGF) in Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods: Deidentified data were collected retrospectively from the Illinois Eye Bank between April 2007 and May 2010. PIGF was defined as cases in which a repeat corneal transplant was performed <8 weeks after an initial DSAEK.

Pilot study for the detection of early exudative age-related macular degeneration with optical coherence tomography.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides microscopic retinal images. Optical coherence tomography is noninvasive, using light waves to produce detailed retinal images. Here, we investigate the ability of OCT to detect early choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.

Standard management options for rosacea, part 2: options according to subtype.

The standard management options were developed by a consensus committee and review panel of 26 experts to assist in providing optimal patient care based on the standard classification and grading systems for rosacea that were developed to perform research; analyze results and compare data from different sources; and provide a common terminology and reference for the diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of results in clinical practice. We discuss the standard management options for rosacea in 2 parts: (1) overview and broad spectrum of care, and (2) management options according to subtype. The menu of options is considered provisional and may be expanded and updated as appropriate.