Mitochondrial, nuclear and morphological differentiation in the swimming crab Liocarcinus depurator along the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition.

Environmental gradients in the sea may coincide with phenotypic or genetic gradients resulting from an evolutionary balance between selection and dispersal. The population differentiation of the swimming crab, Liocarcinus depurator, an important by-catch species in the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic, was assessed using both genetic and morphometric approaches. A total of 472 specimens were collected along its distribution area, and 17 morphometric landmarks, one mitochondrial gene (COI) and 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers were scored in 350, 287 and 280 individuals, respectively.

Evolution of rhodopsin in flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) is associated with depth and migratory behavior.

Visual signals are involved in many fitness-related tasks and are therefore essential for survival in many species. Aquatic organisms are ideal systems to study visual evolution, as the high diversity of spectral properties in aquatic environments generates great potential for adaptation to different light conditions. Flatfishes are an economically important group, with over 800 described species distributed globally, including halibut, flounder, sole, and turbot.

Multiple scale assessment of habitat, landscape, and geographic-specific attributes driving decapod assemblages in Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows.

Seagrass meadows are biodiversity hotspots for invertebrate species including decapods. Understanding the drivers of species abundance, richness and diversity of decapod assemblages is crucial for the conservation of such hotspots, but how drivers act across multiple spatial scales remains unexplored. Here we describe the decapod assemblages of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and assess the influence of attributes from three increasing spatial scales (habitat, landscape, and geographical levels) on the assemblages' structure and composition, as well as the variability partitioning among each one of these levels.

Unilateral identification of a rare superficial brachioulnoradial artery contributing to the superficial palmar arch and brachial artery continuing as the interosseous artery: a case report.

The occurrence of variations in human arterial branching of the upper limb has been commonly reported in peer-reviewed literature. However, the variability of upper limb arterial patterns may be underappreciated in medical practice, which can result in clinical and surgical errors. Here we report a case of a rare, unilateral arterial variation of the left upper limb of a 76-year-old Caucasian male cadaver, discovered during a routine educational dissection.

"Arming half-baked people with weapons!" Information enclaving among professionals and the need for a care-centred model for antibiotic use information in Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi.

Background: The overuse of antimicrobial medicines is a global health concern, including as a major driver of antimicrobial resistance. In many low- and middle-income countries, a substantial proportion of antibiotics are purchased over-the-counter without a prescription. But while antibiotics are widely available, information on when and how to use them is not.

Simultaneous measurement of orthogonal terahertz fields via an emission multiplexing scheme.

We propose a polarization sensitive terahertz time-domain spectrometer that can record orthogonally polarized terahertz fields simultaneously, using fibre-coupled photoconductive antennas and a scheme that modulated the emitter's polarization. The s and p channels of the multi-pixel terahertz emitter were modulated at different frequencies, thereby allowing orthogonal waveforms to be demultiplexed from the recorded signal in post-processing. The performance of the multi-pixel emitter used in this multiplexing scheme was comparable to that of a commercial single-polarization H-dipole antenna.

DNA barcoding and morphology revealed the existence of seven new species of squat lobsters in the family Munididae (Decapoda, Galatheoidea) in the southwestern Pacific.

Specimens of squat lobsters belonging to the family MunididaeAhyong et al., 2010, representing the genera Macpherson & Baba, 2022, Macpherson & Baba, 2022 and Macpherson & Baba, 2022, were collected during several cruises around New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea, Southwest Pacific. The integrative study of these specimens revealed the presence of one new species in , five in and one in .

Household antibiotic use in Malawi: A cross-sectional survey from urban and peri-urban Blantyre.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health. Use of antibiotics, particularly in contexts where weaker regulatory frameworks make informal access easier, has been identified as an important driver of AMR. However, knowledge is limited about the ways antibiotics are used in communities in Malawi and sub-Saharan Africa.

A qualitative study exploring hand hygiene practices in a neonatal unit in Blantyre, Malawi: implications for controlling healthcare-associated infections.

Neonatal sepsis causes morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Antimicrobial resistance exacerbates outcomes. Poor Infection Prevention and Control practices (IPC) by healthcare workers and caregivers drive infection transmission.

Munidopsis geyeri and M. exuta (Crustacea: Munidopsidae): A study of two deep-sea, amphi-Atlantic species that co-occur in the southern Gulf of Mexico.

The history of colonization and dispersal of fauna among deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems remains enigmatic and poorly understood. The distribution of squat lobsters of the genus Munidopsis Whiteaves, 1874 can be influenced by the rich organic matter and associated organism communities of chemosynthetic ecosystems. The present work analyzed the molecular relationships and morphology of individuals from different populations of Munidopsis exuta Macpherson & Segonzac, 2005 and M.

Understanding antimicrobial use in subsistence farmers in Chikwawa District Malawi, implications for public awareness campaigns.

Drug resistant infections are increasing across the world and urgent action is required to preserve current classes of antibiotics. Antibiotic use practices in low-and-middle-income countries have gained international attention, especially as antibiotics are often accessed beyond the formal health system. Public awareness campaigns have gained popularity, often conceptualising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a problem of excess, precipitated by irrational behaviour.

Can Western water law become more 'relational'? A survey of comparative laws affecting water across Australasia and the Americas.

There is increasing support, in international legal theory and advocacy, for water governance approaches that go beyond the technocratic, and recognise the reciprocal relatedness of water peoples and water places. Such an approach may seem logical within certain Indigenous law and belief systems, but can Western legal frameworks become more 'relational'? How can they evolve to be capable of meaningfully relating with Indigenous systems of law and governance for water? This article draws on a comprehensive survey of comparative legal developments affecting water across seven settler-colonial countries in Australasia and Latin America that attempt (or profess) to be relational. I critically evaluate these attempts against the 'yardstick' of relationality.

Genomic basis for early-life mortality in sharpsnout seabream.

Mortality at early life stages of fishes is common in nature and can be shaped by stochastic and selective processes. Selective mortality has rarely been assessed in natural conditions but can now be studied by combining genomic data with information on different life stages that realates to fitness. Here we investigate selective mortality between settlers and six-month survivors of the sharpsnout seabream by genotype-phenotype/environmental association studies in three localities along a geographic gradient.

Pooled analysis of drug-related interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in nine trastuzumab deruxtecan monotherapy studies.

Introduction: This pooled analysis of nine phase I and II trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) monotherapy studies described drug-related interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis in patients treated with T-DXd.

Methods: Patients who received T-DXd across nine studies were included. Investigator-assessed ILD/pneumonitis events were retrospectively reviewed by an independent adjudication committee; events adjudicated as drug-related ILD/pneumonitis are summarized.

Preparedness for and impact of COVID-19 on primary health care delivery in urban and rural Malawi: a mixed methods study.

Objective: Across Africa, the impact of COVID-19 continues to be acutely felt. This includes Malawi, where a key component of health service delivery to mitigate against COVID-19 are the primary healthcare facilities, strategically placed throughout districts to offer primary and maternal healthcare. These facilities have limited infrastructure and capacity but are the most accessible and play a crucial role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.

A Qualitative Study of Antibiotic Use Practices in Intensive Small-Scale Farming in Urban and Peri-Urban Blantyre, Malawi: Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance.

The routine use of antimicrobials in meat production has been identified as a driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both animals and humans. Significant knowledge gaps exist on antibiotic use practices in farming, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper sought to generate in-depth understanding of household antibiotic use practices in food animals in urban- and peri-urban Blantyre.

The value of in-person undergraduate dissection in anatomical education in the time of Covid-19.

While several innovative pedagogical practices have been developed and implemented in anatomy education since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, considering the value of in-person undergraduate dissection remains crucial. In this commentary, a human dissection course at the University of Toronto is used as an example to highlight the value of dissection for undergraduate learners in non-professional programs. In-person dissection allows for real life, anatomical variation, and supports the advancement of students' conceptual knowledge of the human body and visual-spatial abilities.

Depth as a driver of evolution and diversification of ancient squat lobsters (Decapoda, Galatheoidea, Phylladiorhynchus).

The exceptional hidden diversity included in the squat lobster genus Phylladiorhynchus and its wide bathymetric and geographic range make it an interesting group to thoroughly study its evolutionary history. Here we have analyzed the entire currently known species diversity of Phylladiorhynchus using an integrative approach that includes morphological and molecular characters. The aim was to establish whether depth range (bathymetry) has played a role in their morphological and molecular evolution and in their diversification pathways.

Antibiotics and the Biopolitics of Sex Work in Zimbabwe.

The advent of antibiotics transformed the global public health landscape, dramatically improving health outcomes. Drawing on historical and ethnographic research on sex work in Zimbabwe, we examine the role of antibiotics in the management of sexually transmitted infections among sex workers, from punitive colonial approaches to "empowerment"-based discourses. We illustrate how programs for sex workers, while valued by these women, are narrow, exclusionary, and enact a pharmaceuticalized form of governance that hangs on the efficacy of antibiotics.

Understanding antimicrobial resistance through the lens of antibiotic vulnerabilities in primary health care in rural Malawi.

The diminishing effectiveness of antimicrobials raises serious concerns for human health. While policy makers grapple to reduce the overuse of antimicrobial medicines to stem the rise of antimicrobial resistance, insufficient attention has been paid to how this applies to low-resource contexts. We provide an in-depth portrayal of antimicrobial prescribing at primary health care level in rural Chikwawa District, Malawi.

Antibiotic stories: a mixed-methods, multi-country analysis of household antibiotic use in Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

Background: As concerns about the prevalence of infections that are resistant to available antibiotics increase, attention has turned toward the use of these medicines both within and outside of formal healthcare settings. Much of what is known about use beyond formal settings is informed by survey-based research. Few studies to date have used comparative, mixed-methods approaches to render visible patterns of use within and between settings as well as wider points of context shaping these patterns.

Revision of the squat lobsters of the genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Galatheidae) with the description of 41 new species.

The genus Phylladiorhynchus Baba, 1969 currently contains 11 species, all occurring in the shallow waters and on the continental shelf of the Indian and Pacific oceans. Recent expeditions in these oceans have resulted in the collection of numerous new specimens in need of analysis. We have studied this material using an integrative approach analysing both morphological and molecular (COI and 16S) characters.