Long-term Non-Invasive Ventilation in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The use of long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat sleep and breathing disorders in children has increased substantially in the last decade; however, less data exist about its use in infants. Given that infants have distinct sleep and breathing patterns when compared to older children, the outcomes of infants on long-term NIV may differ as well. The aim of this study is to systematically review the use and outcomes of long-term NIV in infants.

Direct Characterization of Ultrafast Energy-Time Entangled Photon Pairs.

Energy-time entangled photons are critical in many quantum optical phenomena and have emerged as important elements in quantum information protocols. Entanglement in this degree of freedom often manifests itself on ultrafast time scales, making it very difficult to detect, whether one employs direct or interferometric techniques, as photon-counting detectors have insufficient time resolution. Here, we implement ultrafast photon counters based on nonlinear interactions and strong femtosecond laser pulses to probe energy-time entanglement in this important regime.

What factors predict the passage of state-level e-cigarette regulations?

E-cigarettes are controversial products. They may help addicted smokers to consume nicotine in a less harmful manner or to quit tobacco cigarettes entirely, but these products may also entice youth into smoking. This controversy complicates e-cigarette regulation as any regulation may lead to health improvements for some populations, and health declines for other populations.

Long-Term Impact of Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Quality of Life in Children With Obesity.

Study Objectives: (1) To determine baseline quality of life (QOL) among children with obesity and newly diagnosed moderate-severe sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and to compare it to the reported QOL of children with obesity or SDB alone and healthy children. (2) To evaluate QOL change after 1 year.

Methods: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in children (8-16 years) with obesity, prescribed positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for moderate-severe SDB.

Longitudinal changes in clinical characteristics and outcomes for children using long-term non-invasive ventilation.

Objectives: To describe longitudinal trends in long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use in children including changes in clinical characteristics, NIV technology, and outcomes.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort of all children started on long-term NIV from 2005 to 2014. All children 0 to 18 years who used NIV continuously for at least 3 months were included.

Learning to make external sensory stimulus predictions using internal correlations in populations of neurons.

To compensate for sensory processing delays, the visual system must make predictions to ensure timely and appropriate behaviors. Recent work has found predictive information about the stimulus in neural populations early in vision processing, starting in the retina. However, to utilize this information, cells downstream must be able to read out the predictive information from the spiking activity of retinal ganglion cells.

The effect of medication nonadherence on progression-free survival among patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To examine how observed medication nonadherence to 2 second-line, oral anticancer medications (axitinib and everolimus) affects progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: We used an adherence-exposure-outcome model to simulate the impact of adherence on PFS. Using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) population model, we simulated drug exposure measured by area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and minimum blood or trough concentration (C) under 2 scenarios: 1) optimal adherence and 2) real-world adherence.

Esophageal Dysmotility in Patients following Total Laryngectomy.

Objectives Dysphagia is common in total laryngectomees, with some symptoms suggesting esophageal dysmotility. Tracheoesophageal (TE) phonation requires effective esophagopharyngeal air passage. Hence, esophageal dysmotility may affect deglutition or TE phonation.

Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0-4 years): An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep.

Background: The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology convened representatives of national organizations, research experts, methodologists, stakeholders, and end-users who followed rigorous and transparent guideline development procedures to create the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years (0-4 years): An Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep. These novel guidelines for children of the early years embrace the natural and intuitive integration of movement behaviours across the whole day (24-h period).

Methods: The development process was guided by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.

Systematic review of the relationships between sleep duration and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years).

Background: The objective of this systematic review was to examine for the first time the associations between sleep duration and a broad range of health indicators in children aged 0 to 4 years.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched with no limits on date or study design. Included studies (published in English or French) were peer-reviewed and met the a priori determined population (apparently healthy children aged 1 month to 4.

Quantitative Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment-Related Dysphagia in the Development of a Personalized Treatment Deintensification Paradigm.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that quantifying swallow function with multiple patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments is an important strategy to yield insights in the development of personalized deintensified therapies seeking to reduce the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment-related dysphagia (HNCTD).

Methods And Materials: Irradiated HNC subjects seen in follow-up care (April 2015 to December 2015) who prospectively completed the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) and the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) concurrently on the web interface to our Oncospace database were evaluated. A correlation matrix quantified the relationship between the SSQ and MDADI.

Familial Consent for Deceased Organ Donation Among Immigrants and Long-term Residents in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Many families choose not to consent to organ donation at the time of their loved one's death. In Ontario, Canada, whether these decisions vary by ethnicity remains unclear.

Objective: To compare the proportion of families of immigrants who consented for deceased organ donation with families of long-term residents.

Endogenous fibrinolysis facilitates clot retraction in vivo.

Clot retraction refers to the process whereby activated platelets transduce contractile forces onto the fibrin network of a thrombus, which over time increases clot density and decreases clot size. This process is considered important for promoting clot stability and maintaining blood vessel patency. Insights into the mechanisms regulating clot retraction at sites of vascular injury have been hampered by a paucity of in vivo experimental models.

Effect of organ donation after circulatory determination of death on number of organ transplants from donors with neurologic determination of death.

Background: To increase the available pool of organ donors, Ontario introduced donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) in 2006. Other jurisdictions have reported a decrease in donations involving neurologic determination of death (NDD) after implementation of DCD, with a drop in organ yield and quality. In this study, we examined the effect of DCD on overall transplant activity in Ontario.

Corrigendum: 14-3-3ζ regulates the mitochondrial respiratory reserve linked to platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and procoagulant function.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12862.

Cardiorespiratory pathogenesis of sickle cell disease in a mouse model.

The nature and development of cardiorespiratory impairments associated with sickle cell disease are poorly understood. Given that the mechanisms of these impairments cannot be addressed adequately in clinical studies, we characterized cardiorespiratory pathophysiology from birth to maturity in the sickle cell disease SAD mouse model. We identified two critical phases of respiratory dysfunction in SAD mice; the first prior to weaning and the second in adulthood.

Factors influencing clinical consistency and variability in voice prosthesis management.

Purpose: Anecdotally it is recognised that management of tracheoesophageal speech (TES) post-laryngectomy varies between speech language pathology (SLP) services and clinicians. This study reviewed patterns of practice for TES management to examine patterns of practice and explore factors influencing variability.

Method: A national survey was completed by SLP's from clinical services which manage TES.

Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Obese Youth With Sleep-Disordered Breathing Treated With Positive Airway Pressure: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Study Objectives: There is evidence that cardiometabolic disease associated with obesity and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in adults is present in youth. SDB is often treated with positive airway pressure (PAP) in youth with obesity. Our aims were to determine: (1) the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and (2) whether PAP improves markers of cardiometabolic disease, in youth with obesity and newly diagnosed moderate-severe SDB.

Emergent cortical circuit dynamics contain dense, interwoven ensembles of spike sequences.

Temporal codes are theoretically powerful encoding schemes, but their precise form in the neocortex remains unknown in part because of the large number of possible codes and the difficulty in disambiguating informative spikes from statistical noise. A biologically plausible and computationally powerful temporal coding scheme is the Hebbian assembly phase sequence (APS), which predicts reliable propagation of spikes between functionally related assemblies of neurons. Here, we sought to measure the inherent capacity of neocortical networks to produce reliable sequences of spikes, as would be predicted by an APS code.

The effect of state laws designed to prevent nonmedical prescription opioid use on overdose deaths and treatment.

Nonmedical use of prescription opioids has reached epidemic levels in the United States and globally. In response, federal, state, and local governments are taking actions to address substantial increases in prescription opioid addiction and its associated harms. This study examines the effect of two state laws specifically designed to curtail access to prescription opioids to nonmedical users: pain management clinic and doctor shopping laws.

Effects of bisphenol A analogues on reproductive functions in mice.

This study was performed to examine whether bisphenol (BP) A analogues, BPE and BPS, negatively impacts reproductive functions using mice as a model. CD-1 mice were exposed to control treatment (corn oil), BPA, BPE and BPS (50μg/kg or 10mg/kg) from birth to postnatal day (PND) 60 by s.c.

Adult patient decision-making regarding implantation of complex cardiac devices: a scoping review.

Background: Complex cardiac rhythm management device (CRMD) therapy provides an important treatment option for people at risk of sudden cardiac death. Despite the survival benefit, device implantation is associated with significant physical and psychosocial concerns presenting considerable challenges for the decision-making process surrounding CRMD implantation for patients and physicians.

Aims: The purpose of this scoping review was to explore what is known about how adult (>16 years) patients make decisions regarding implantation of CRMD therapy.

Engagement in health and wellness: An online incentive-based program.

Increasingly, corporate health promotion programs are implementing wellness programs integrating principles of behavioral economics. Employees of a large firm were provided a customized online incentive program to design their own commitments to meet health goals. This study examines patterns of program participation and engagement in health promotion activities.

Trends over time in enrollment in non-group health insurance plans by tobacco use in the United States.

Healthcare.gov was created to facilitate the market for non-group insurance in states that did not establish their own marketplaces. In Healthcare.