Three Healthy Eating Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Markers in 9 to 18 Year Olds With Body Mass Index >95%: A Randomized Trial.

Approximately 20% of American 9 to 18 year olds are obese, and most carry their excess adiposity, with its associated increased risk for cardiovascular disease, into adulthood. We studied cardiovascular disease risk markers changes associated with 3 healthy eating patterns (HEPs) in 96 9 to 18 year olds with a body mass index >95% in a Midwestern health system 1-year randomized trial. All HEPs were associated with similar statistically significant ( < .

Elderberry Extract Outpatient Influenza Treatment for Emergency Room Patients Ages 5 and Above: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Black elderberry, used medicinally for centuries, decreased influenza duration by 4 days in three previous peer-reviewed trials. US elderberry sales, possibly related to a "high severity" and "high activity" influenza season from January to March 2018, more than doubled from 2017 to 2018 to > $100 million.

Objective: To determine whether elderberry extract decreases influenza's duration and severity.

Plant-based, no-added-fat or American Heart Association diets: impact on cardiovascular risk in obese children with hypercholesterolemia and their parents.

Objective: To perform a randomized trial to determine whether there is cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction from a plant-based (PB), no-added-fat diet and the American Heart Association (AHA) diet in children.

Study Design: A 4-week (April 20, 2013 to May 18, 2013), prospective randomized trial was undertaken in a large, Midwestern hospital system's predominantly middle class outpatient pediatric practices. Thirty children (9-18 years of age) parent pairs with a last recorded child body mass index >95th percentile and child cholesterol >169 mg/dL were randomized to PB or AHA with weekly 2-hour classes of nutrition education.

No technological innovation is a panacea: a case series in quality improvement for primary care mental health services.

Evaluations of quality improvement efforts targeted at mental health services in primary care pediatrics are rare. We evaluated a short-targeted educational session, a Web-based system, the Child Health and Development Interactive System, and a local area mental health services resource guide. Most physicians believed the information in the educational session was at least somewhat likely to change their practice.

Ribose versus dextrose supplementation, association with rowing performance: a double-blind study.

Objective: It has been hypothesized that ribose supplementation rapidly replenishes adenosine triphosphate stores and thereby improves exercise performance. We compared the effects of ribose versus dextrose on rowing performance.

Design: Double-blind randomized trial.

Symptoms associated with infant teething: a prospective study.

Context: Studies of infant teething have been retrospective, small, or conducted on institutionalized infants.

Objectives: To conduct a large, prospective study of healthy infants to determine which symptoms may be attributed to teething and to attempt to predict tooth emergence from an infant's symptoms.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Zinc lozenges for the common cold.

The scientific basis for zinc treatment of the common cold is debatable, and clinical trials of zinc cold therapy have produced conflicting results. This review summarizes the current basic and clinical knowledge of zinc for the common cold, and suggests the present role of zinc therapy and future research needs.

First-morning urine specific gravity and enuresis in preschool children.

The object of the study was to determine whether a first-morning urine specific gravity of less than or equal to 1.015 was associated with enuresis in children 3 to 6 years old. Parents of preschool children seen at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation during a 5-month period completed a questionnaire concerning bed-wetting and voiding habits of their child and collected first-morning urine specimens for specific gravity analysis.

Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold in children: a randomized controlled trial.

Context: The common cold is one of the most frequently occurring illnesses and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss. Biochemical evidence suggests that zinc may be an effective treatment, and zinc gluconate glycine (ZGG) lozenges have been shown to reduce the duration of cold symptoms in adults.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of ZGG treatment of colds in children and adolescents.

Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: The common cold is one of the most frequent human illnesses and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss. No consistently effective therapy for the common cold has been well documented, but evidence suggests that several possible mechanisms may make zinc an effective treatment.

Objective: To test the efficacy of zinc gluconate lozenges in reducing the duration of symptoms caused by the common cold.

The Ohio Bicycle Injury Study.

To understand bicycle injuries and determine how to prevent them, we designed prospectively a descriptive study of bicycle-crash-related admissions in July 1993 to 10 major Ohio hospitals that admit child trauma patients. All patients studied were under the age of 16. In the 52 cases (38 male, 73%), impact with another vehicle accounted for 23 (44%) crashes.

The effect of prolonged tourniquet application on serum bicarbonate.

Background: Many clinicians believe that prolonged tourniquet application lowers the serum bicarbonate concentration in samples drawn from that limb, but this effect has never been examined prospectively.

Objective: To test the effect of prolonged tourniquet application before phlebotomy on serum bicarbonate concentration in healthy adults.

Methods: We drew blood samples from 27 healthy adult volunteers without a tourniquet and again 1, 3, and 5 minutes after applying a blood pressure cuff and inflating it to the mean arterial pressure.

Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold.

Objective: To test the efficacy of steam inhalation in treating common cold symptoms.

Design: An in vitro study determined the temperature that inactivated rhinovirus: a temperature of 43 degrees C lasting at least 1 hour was needed. We then conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized in vivo study.

Association between bicycle helmet legislation, bicycle safety education, and use of bicycle helmets in children.

Objective: To determine the association between bicycle helmet legislation and bicycle safety education and the use of bicycle helmets by children under age 16 years.

Design: Anonymous questionnaire and direct observations of bicycle helmet use.

Setting: Four predominantly white, upper-middle class suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio.

Effect of cotton-tipped swab use on ear-wax occlusion.

We studied parents' and patients' approach to earwax (cerumen) removal, patients' level of cerumen occlusion, and the association between the use of cotton-tipped swabs (CTS) and cerumen occlusion. Six hundred fifty-one consecutive patients from the general pediatric practice of the Cleveland Clinic aged 2 weeks to 20 years (57% males) answered a questionnaire with their parents' help. Of the 651, 401 (62%) had used CTS during the 2 months before the study.

Respiratory infections in children. What helps and what doesn't?

Respiratory disorders are common in children. Upper respiratory infection is particularly common in children who receive day care or group care. Frequently used methods of treating the common cold (eg, heated vapor, over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants) have not been proven objectively to be beneficial in young children.

Pediatric wandering spleen: case report and review of literature.

Wandering spleen is a rare diagnosis, especially in the pediatric population. We reviewed the English literature from 1900 through April 1991 for all cases of wandering spleen in patients from birth through age 10. There are 50 case reports prior to the one presented here.

Tympanic membrane temperatures compared to rectal and oral temperatures.

One hundred thirty-seven children at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation were enrolled in a study comparing the accuracy and acceptability of tympanic membrane temperatures taken with Thermoscan to rectal or oral temperatures taken by IVAC electronic thermometers. The mean age of the rectal/ear group was 1.2 +/- 0.

Effect of inhaling heated vapor on symptoms of the common cold.

A double-blind, randomized study tested the efficacy of steam (technically, heated, humidified air) inhalation in the treatment of common cold symptoms. Two 20-minute treatments spaced 60 to 90 minutes apart were given at the time of enrollment. The active device (Rhinotherm, Netzer-Sereni, Beer Yaacov, Israel) delivered 40 L/min of saturated air at 40 degrees C to 42 degrees C, while the identical-appearing placebo delivered 2 L/min of ambient air at 20 degrees C to 24 degrees C.

Infant sleep and bedtime cereal.

We studied whether feeding infants rice cereal before bedtime promotes their sleeping through the night. One hundred six infants were randomly assigned to begin bedtime cereal feeding (1 tablespoon per ounce in a bottle) at 5 weeks or at 4 months of age. Caretakers recorded the infant's sleep from age 4 to 21 weeks for one 24-hour period per week.