Evolution of lateralized gustation in nematodes.

Animals with small nervous systems have a limited number of sensory neurons that must encode information from a changing environment. This problem is particularly exacerbated in nematodes that populate a wide variety of distinct ecological niches but only have a few sensory neurons available to encode multiple modalities. How does sensory diversity prevail within this neuronal constraint? To identify the genetic basis for patterning different nervous systems, we demonstrate that sensory neurons in the respond to various salt sensory cues in a manner that is partially distinct from that of the distantly related nematode .

Paleoproteomic identification of the species used in fourteenth century gut-skin garments from the archaeological site of Nuulliit, Greenland.

Until recently, the identification of the species of origin for skin and fur materials used in the production of archaeological clothing has been based on the analysis of macro- and microscopic morphological features and on the traditional knowledge of Indigenous groups. This approach, however, is not always applicable due to the deterioration of the archaeological objects. Paleoproteomics was used as an alternative approach to identify the species of origin of fifteen samples of various tissues from approximately 600-year-old garments found in Nuulliit, northern Greenland.

Palaeoproteomic identification of the original binder and modern contaminants in distemper paints from Uvdal stave church, Norway.

Two distemper paint samples taken from decorative boards in Uvdal stave church, Norway, were analysed using palaeoproteomics, with an aim of identifying their binder and possible contaminants. The results point at the use of calfskin to produce hide glue as the original paint binder, and are consistent with the instructions of binder production and resource allocation in the historical records of Norway. Although we did not observe any evidence of prior restoration treatments using protein-based materials, we found abundant traces of human saliva proteins, as well as a few oats and barley peptides, likely deposited together on the boards during their discovery in the 1970s.

Association of disruption of the right posterior arcuate fasciculus with spatial neglect.

Objective: Spatial neglect is a debilitating condition observed in patients with right-sided brain injuries in whom there is defective awareness of the contralesional space. Although classically considered a right parietal lobe deficit, there has been increasing interest in the specific white matter (WM) architecture subserving spatial neglect. Patients who have lesions associated with chronic disruptions in visuospatial networks are of significant relevance in elucidating the WM tracts associated with spatial attention.

The Use of Biomarkers to Quantify Clinical Response to Total Knee Arthroplasty Interventions: A Systematic Review.

The primary objective of this review was to determine whether the attenuation of the postoperative inflammatory response (PIR) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leads to a notable improvement in clinical outcome scores. The secondary objective of this review was to determine the optimal approach in using inflammatory biomarkers, clinical inflammatory assessments, and imaging to quantify the PIR. A systematic literature search of eight major databases was conducted using a predetermined search strategy.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragm thickness and excursion: correlation with weaning success in trauma patients: prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) subjects multiple trauma patients to ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. There is limited evidence on the predictive role of diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) for weaning success in multiple trauma patients. Therefore, we evaluated Ultrasound of the diaphragm as a valuable indicator of weaning outcomes, in trauma patients.

Behavioural variability, physical activity, rumination time, and milk characteristics of dairy cattle in response to regrouping.

In the commercial dairy industry worldwide, it is common practice to periodically regroup cows as part of their management strategy within housed systems. While this animal husbandry practice is intended to improve management efficiency, cows may experience social stress as a result of the social environment changes, which may have an impact on their behavioural patterns, performance, and welfare. We investigated whether regrouping altered dairy cows' behaviour and impacted their cortisol concentration (a physiological marker of stress), oxytocin, milk yield, and quality in a robotic milking system.

Heavy-, Severe-, and Extreme-, but Not Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase V̇o 2max and Thresholds after 6 wk of Training.

Introduction: This study assessed the effect of individualized, domain-based exercise intensity prescription on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) and submaximal thresholds.

Methods: Eighty-four young healthy participants (42 females, 42 males) were randomly assigned to six age, sex, and V̇O 2max -matched groups (14 participants each). Groups performed continuous cycling in the 1) moderate (MOD), 2) lower heavy (HVY1), and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval cycling in the form of 4) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in the severe-intensity domain, or 5) sprint-interval training (SIT) in the extreme-intensity domain; or no exercise for 6) control (CON).

Use of hare bone for the manufacture of a Clovis bead.

A tubular bone bead dating to ~ 12,940 BP was recovered from a hearth-centered activity area at the La Prele Mammoth site in Converse County, Wyoming, USA. This is the oldest known bead from the Western Hemisphere. To determine the taxonomic origin of the bead, we extracted collagen for zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS).

Evaluation of the "Step-Ramp-Step" Protocol: Accurate Aerobic Exercise Prescription with Different Steps and Ramp Slopes.

Purpose: To assess whether: i) a lower amplitude constant-load MOD is appropriate to determine the mean response time (MRT); ii) the method accurately corrects the dissociation in the V̇O 2 -PO relationship during ramp compared with constant-load exercise when using different ramp slopes.

Methods: Eighteen participants (7 females) performed three SRS tests including: i) step-transitions into MOD from 20 to 50 W (MOD 50 ) and 80 W (MOD 80 ); and ii) slopes of 15, 30, and 45 W·min -1 . The V̇O 2 and PO at the gas exchange threshold (GET) and the corrected respiratory compensation point (RCP CORR ) were determined.

Geometric morphometrics and paleoproteomics enlighten the paleodiversity of Pongo.

Pleistocene Pongo teeth show substantial variation in size and morphology, fueling taxonomic debates about the paleodiversity of the genus. We investigated prominent features of the enamel-dentine-junction junction (EDJ)-phylogenetically informative internal structures-of 71 fossil Pongo lower molars from various sites by applying geometric morphometrics and conducted paleoproteomic analyses from enamel proteins to attempt to identify extinct orangutan species. Forty-three orangutan lower molars representing Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii were included for comparison.

Human and animal skin identified by palaeoproteomics in Scythian leather objects from Ukraine.

Leather was one of the most important materials of nomadic Scythians, used for clothing, shoes, and quivers, amongst other objects. However, our knowledge regarding the specific animal species used in Scythian leather production remains limited. In this first systematic study, we used palaeoproteomics methods to analyse the species in 45 samples of leather and two fur objects recovered from 18 burials excavated at 14 different Scythian sites in southern Ukraine.

White matter tracts contribute selectively to cognitive functioning in patients with glioma.

Objective: The functional organization of white matter (WM) tracts is not well characterized, especially in patients with intrinsic brain tumors where complex patterns of tissue injury, compression, and neuroplasticity may be present. This study uses diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the relationships between WM tract disruption and cognitive deficits in glioma patients.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with glioma underwent preoperative DTI and neuropsychological testing.

Grouping groupers in the Mediterranean: Ecological baselines revealed by ancient proteins.

Marine historical ecology provides a means to establish baselines to inform current fisheries management. Groupers (Epinephelidae) are key species for fisheries in the Mediterranean, which have been heavily overfished. Species abundance and distribution prior to the 20th century in the Mediterranean remains poorly known.

Threads of memory: Reviving the ornament of a dead child at the Neolithic village of Ba`ja (Jordan).

In 2018, a well-constructed cist-type grave was discovered at Ba`ja, a Neolithic village (7,400-6,800 BCE) in Southern Jordan. Underneath multiple grave layers, an 8-year-old child was buried in a fetal position. Over 2,500 beads were found on the chest and neck, along with a double perforated stone pendant and a delicately engraved mother-of-pearl ring discovered among the concentration of beads.

Bioarchaeological and paleogenomic profiling of the unusual Neolithic burial from Grotta di Pietra Sant'Angelo (Calabria, Italy).

The Neolithic burial of Grotta di Pietra Sant'Angelo (CS) represents a unique archaeological finding for the prehistory of Southern Italy. The unusual placement of the inhumation at a rather high altitude and far from inhabited areas, the lack of funerary equipment and the prone deposition of the body find limited similarities in coeval Italian sites. These elements have prompted wider questions on mortuary customs during the prehistory of Southern Italy.

Threatened North African seagrass meadows have supported green turtle populations for millennia.

is the second official aim of the current UN Ocean Decade (2021 to 2030) calling for the identification and protection of critical marine habitats. However, data to inform policy are often lacking altogether or confined to recent times, preventing the establishment of long-term baselines. The unique insights gained from combining bioarchaeology (palaeoproteomics, stable isotope analysis) with contemporary data (from satellite tracking) identified habitats which sea turtles have been using in the Eastern Mediterranean over five millennia.

A Single Test Protocol to Establish the Full Spectrum of Exercise Intensity Prescription.

Purpose: We aimed to test the extended capabilities of the SRS protocol by validating its capacity to predict the power outputs for targeted metabolic rates (V̇O 2 ) and time-to-task failure ( Tlim ) within the heavy- and severe-intensity domain, respectively.

Methods: Fourteen young individuals completed (i) an SRS protocol from which the power outputs at GET and RCP (RCP CORR ), and the work accruable above RCP CORR , defined as W ' RAMP , were derived; (ii) one heavy-intensity bout at a power output predicted to elicit a targeted V̇O 2 equidistant from GET and RCP; and (iii) four severe-intensity trials at power outputs predicted to elicit targeted Tlim at minutes 2.5, 5, 10, and 13.

Proteomic identification of beer brewing products in the ground layer of Danish Golden Age paintings.

The application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics to artworks provides accurate and detailed characterization of protein-based materials used in their production. This is highly valuable to plan conservation strategies and reconstruct the artwork's history. In this work, the proteomic analysis of canvas paintings from the Danish Golden Age led to the confident identification of cereal and yeast proteins in the ground layer.

Beyond market share: Accounting for doctoral program size in recent rates of anthropology faculty job placement.

Job placement trends in higher education at US institutions are bleak. Within anthropology and other social science disciplines this problem appears to be particularly pronounced. Recent studies focusing on placement in Anthropology using market share analysis have suggested that specific doctoral programs offer a greater chance of placing their graduates in faculty positions.

Resource sharing in cognitive control: Behavioral evidence and neural substrates.

Cognitive control is a capacity-limited function responsible for the resolution of conflict among competing cognitive processes. However, whether cognitive control handles multiple concurrent requests through a single bottleneck or a resource sharing mechanism remains elusive. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined the effect of dual flanker conflict processing on behavioral performance and on activation in regions of the cognitive control network (CCN).