Proceedings of the 2024 Division of Translational Toxicology Satellite Symposium.

The 2024 annual Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri," was held in Baltimore, Maryland, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 42nd annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers' talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion.

Concerning Toxic Byproducts and Full-Scale UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Water Treatment.

This work investigated byproduct formation and genotoxicity and cytotoxicity at four facilities using UV/chlorine advanced oxidation for potable reuse or drinking water treatment. In arguably the most common application of UV/chlorine, treating reverse osmosis permeate for potable reuse, organic byproduct formation was always either not detected or well-below typical drinking water levels. At a groundwater-source drinking water treatment plant, the trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids each increased by up to 12 μg/L through the UV reactor and 40 μg/L during secondary disinfection, but the final concentrations remained low relative to regulatory limits.

Remote monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (REMORA): study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial and process evaluation of an integrated symptom tracking intervention.

Background: Management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relies on symptoms reported by patients during infrequent outpatient clinic visits. These reports are often incomplete and inaccurate due to poor recall, leading to suboptimal treatment decisions and outcomes. Asking people to track symptoms in-between visits and integrating the data into clinical pathways may improve this.

Mindfulness-based group intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: initial findings from a pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate feasibility/acceptability of a virtual, group mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) adapted for pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: This two-way controlled trial randomized adolescents 1:1 to MBI (n = 20) or health education (HE; n = 22) groups lasting 6-7 weeks. Eligibility included 12-17 years, T1D ≥ 1 year, and elevated scores on PROMIS depression or anxiety measures.

Imidazolium-Based Sulfonating Agent to Control the Degree of Sulfonation of Aromatic Polymers and Enable Plastics-to-Electronics Upgrading.

The accumulation of plastic waste in the environment is a growing environmental, economic, and societal challenge. Plastic upgrading, the conversion of low-value polymers to high-value materials, could address this challenge. Among upgrading strategies, the sulfonation of aromatic polymers is a powerful approach to access high-value materials for a range of applications, such as ion-exchange resins and membranes, electronic materials, and pharmaceuticals.

BREATHE-T1D: Using iterative mixed methods to adapt a mindfulness-based intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Design and development.

Background: Negative affect is prevalent among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may impact diabetes self-management and outcomes through stress-related behaviors such as disordered eating.

Methods: We describe the development of and design for the adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) for adolescents with T1D and negative affect. BREATHE-T1D is an MBI designed to target negative affect that has been tailored to address the unique lived experiences of adolescents with T1D.

Mindfulness-based intervention for depression and insulin resistance in adolescents: Protocol for BREATHE, a multisite, pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Background: Elevated depression symptoms have been associated with higher insulin resistance in adolescents, and consequently, greater risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may be suited for adolescents at risk for T2D given its potential to decrease depression and improve stress-related behavior/physiology underpinning insulin resistance. To prepare for a future multisite efficacy randomized controlled trial, a rigorous, multisite, pilot and feasibility study is needed to test this approach.

Kinetics of chlorine and chloramine reactions in reverse osmosis permeate and their impact on radical formation during UV/chlorine advanced oxidation for potable reuse.

Knowledge of the speciation of chlorine and chloramines in reverse osmosis (RO) permeate is needed to estimate the performance (i.e., pollutant log reduction) of subsequent UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).

Users' views on the use of a smartwatch app to collect daily symptom data in individuals with multiple long-term conditions (Multimorbidity): A qualitative study.

Introduction: Long-term conditions are a major burden on health systems. One way to facilitate more research and better clinical care among patients with long-term conditions is to collect accurate data on their daily symptoms (patient-generated health data) using wearable technologies. Whilst evidence is growing for the use of wearable technologies in single conditions, there is less evidence of the utility of frequent symptom tracking in those who have more than one condition.

Behavioral health outcomes and social determinants of health in children with diabetes and juvenile arthritis.

Objective: Children with chronic illnesses, including arthritis, are at increased risk for adverse psychosocial outcomes influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH). Comparing psychosocial outcomes in families affected by juvenile arthritis compared to other chronic illnesses may help identify areas in need of special attention vs areas that may be addressed through adopting other disease examples' care models. We examined child and parent behavioral health outcomes for families with juvenile arthritis compared to diabetes, accounting for SDOH.

Modulation of tooth regeneration through opposing responses to Wnt and BMP signals in teleosts.

Most vertebrate species undergo tooth replacement throughout adult life. This process is marked by the shedding of existing teeth and the regeneration of tooth organs. However, little is known about the genetic circuitry regulating tooth replacement.

Predicting chlorine demand by peracetic acid in drinking water treatment.

Peracetic acid (PAA) may be used in drinking water treatment for pre-oxidation and mussel control at the intake. PAA may exert a downstream chlorine demand, but full details of this reaction have not been reported. There are three possible mechanisms of this demand: (1) PAA may react directly with chlorine; (2) PAA exists in equilibrium with hydrogen peroxide, which is known to react with chlorine; and (3) as HO reacts with chlorine, PAA will hydrolyze to form more HO to re-establish PAA/HO equilibrium, thereby serving as an indirect reservoir of chlorine demand.

Ligamentum teres cardiopexy for post vertical sleeve gastrectomy gastroesophageal reflux.

Purpose: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) evolved in the early 2000s into the standalone weight loss procedure we see today. While numerous studies highlight VSG's durability for weight loss, and improvements co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have been counseled against VSG due to the concern for worsening reflux symptoms. When considering anti-reflux procedures, VSG patients are unable to undergo traditional fundoplication due to lack of gastric cardia redundancy.

UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse: A review of the current state of the art and research needs.

This paper reports conclusions from a recent study completed for the Water Research Foundation and the State of California to offer guidance on UV-chlorine advanced oxidation for potable water reuse. The fundamentals of UV-chlorine advanced oxidation are discussed, and lessons learned from some of the early adopters of this technology are presented. Important highlights include the significant impact of ammonia and chloramines on UV-chlorine treatment, challenges associated with predicting UV-chlorine performance due to complex photochemistry, and an ongoing need to monitor potential byproducts and transformation products when employing any form of advanced oxidation for potable reuse.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Focus on Pediatric Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose Of Review: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) focus on promoting nonjudgmental, purposeful awareness of the present experience, and they include specific components such as body scan, meditation, and breathing techniques for healthier coping with stress and reduced negative affect. In adult populations with chronic illness (e.g.

Momentum-Based Load Prescriptions: Applications to Jump Squat Training.

Harry, JR, Krzyszkowski, J, Harris, K, Chowning, L, Mackey, E, Bishop, C, and Barker, LA. Momentum-based load prescriptions: Applications to jump squat training. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2657-2662, 2022-Velocity-based training is often applied to ballistic exercises, like the barbell jump squat, to improve vertical jump performance.

Sex Differences in Mast Cell-Associated Disorders: A Life Span Perspective.

Mast cells are critical innate immune effectors located throughout the body that are crucial for host defense mechanisms via orchestrating immune responses to a variety of host and environmental stimuli necessary for survival. The role of mast cells in brain development and behavior, meningeal function, and stress-related disorders has also been increasingly recognized. While critical for survival and development, excessive mast cell activation has been linked with an increasing number of inflammatory, stress-associated, and neuroimmune disorders including allergy/anaphylaxis, autoimmune diseases, migraine headache, and chronic pain disorders.

Promoting glycemic control in young children with type I diabetes: Results from a pilot intervention for parents.

Objective: Nutrition and physical activity are key components of daily diabetes care in young children with type I diabetes (T1D). Normative developmental behavioral challenges related to nutrition and physical activity complicate management of T1D. The current pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and indications of behavior change of an intervention aimed at improving nutrition and physical activity in young children with T1D.

Feasibility of a Home-Delivery Produce Prescription Program to Address Food Insecurity and Diet Quality in Adults and Children.

Produce prescription programs aim to improve food insecurity (FI) and nutrition but their effectiveness is unclear. We conducted a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility and explore the potential impact of a family-based, home-delivery produce prescription and nutrition education program. We measured enrollment, satisfaction, participation, and retention as measure of feasibility.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.