Spacer-Dependent and Pressure-Tuned Structures and Optoelectronic Properties of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskites.

Compared with their 3D counterparts, 2D hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites (HOIPs) exhibit enhanced chemical stabilities and superior optoelectronic properties, which can be further tuned by the application of external pressure. Here, we report the first high-pressure study on CMAPbI (CMA = cylcohexanemethylammonium), a 2D HOIP with a soft organic spacer cation containing a flexible cyclohexyl ring, using UV-visible absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and vibrational spectroscopy, and synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction, all aided with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Substantial anisotropic compression behavior is observed, as characterized by unprecedented negative linear compressibility along the axis.

Incidence and treatment of local site recurrences following RFA of colorectal liver metastases.

Background: Patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) who are ineligible for curative surgery are potential candidates for radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Although RFA has emerged as a well accepted and documented treatment modality, there are still some reservations because of initially high rates of local site recurrences (LSR). The aim of the present study was to evaluate LSR levels following RFA treatment, with a specific focus on re-treatment and survival.

Should young people be paid for getting tested? A national comparative study to evaluate patient financial incentives for chlamydia screening.

Background: Patient financial incentives ("incentives") have been widely used to promote chlamydia screening uptake amongst 15-24 year olds in England, but there is scarce evidence of their effectiveness. The objectives of the study were to describe incentives used to promote chlamydia screening in Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in England and to evaluate their impact on coverage and positivity rate.

Methods: PCTs that had used incentives between 1/1/2007 and 30/6/2009 (exposed) were matched by socio-demographic profile and initial screening coverage with PCTs that had not (unexposed).

Will chlamydia screening reach young people in deprived areas in England? Baseline analysis of the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme delivery in 2008.

Background: The National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) was established in England to control chlamydia in people <25 years. This study examined variations in NCSP delivery in 2008, its first full year of national coverage, by comparing the distribution of screening venues and coverage with the risk of testing positive in men and women by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) and age.

Methods: A total of 550,000 NCSP screening records from 2008 were linked to the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007.

Who is being tested by the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme? A comparison with national probability survey data.

Objectives: We compare data collected by England's National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) with national probability survey data to examine demographic and behavioural differences that may be important in understanding who the NCSP is reaching and interpreting chlamydia positivity.

Methods: Data for 538,119 men and women aged 16-24 years who were screened in 2008 and data collected from 2180 interviewees in Britain's second National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 1999-2001 (Natsal-2), of whom 644 were tested for chlamydia, were compared using the χ2 statistic and logistic regression.

Results: Compared with Natsal-2, the NCSP tested more women (67% vs.

Organisational influences on the activity of chest pain units during the ESCAPE trial: a case study.

Background: The ESCAPE trial was a multicentre randomised controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of Chest Pain Unit (CPU) care. The process of CPU implementation and the activity of individual CPUs varied substantially between hospitals. The study reported here explored the organisational factors that influenced this variation.

The English National Chlamydia Screening Programme: variations in positivity in 2007/2008.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine variation in positivity within the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme during 2007/2008.

Methods: Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The outcome measure was positivity.

Involving patients with coronary heart disease in developing e-learning assets for primary care nurses.

This paper reflects on the experience of involving patients in the development of computer-based learning materials. Those involved were recruited from community support groups in and around Sheffield in England. All had personal experiences of heart disease and participated as volunteers in a project to redevelop classroom-based courses about heart disease prevention.

Electrical and optical measurements on the first SCUBA-2 prototype 1280 pixel submillimeter superconducting bolometer array.

SCUBA-2 is a submillimeter camera being built for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope in Hawaii. Bringing CCD style imaging to the submillimeter for the first time, with over 10000 pixels, it will provide a revolutionary improvement in sensitivity and mapping speed. We present results of the first tests on a prototype 1280 pixel SCUBA-2 subarray; the full instrument will be made up of eight such subarrays.

Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study.

Objective: To provide perinatal mortality and congenital anomaly rates for babies born to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Design: National population based pregnancy cohort.

Setting: 231 maternity units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Project 27/28: inquiry into quality of neonatal care and its effect on the survival of infants who were born at 27 and 28 weeks in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Objective: To identify variations in standards of neonatal care in the first week of life that might have contributed to deaths in infants who were born at 27 and 28 weeks' gestation.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted of infants who were born at 27 and 28 weeks' gestation in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland during a 2-year period. Cases were neonatal deaths; control subjects were randomly selected survivors at day 28.

Secondary prevention for coronary heart disease: a qualitative study.

The many responsibilities of primary care, cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is a growing concern. Demanding standards have been given to primary care in the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease. This article reports an evaluation of an intervention to support primary care service providers in this responsibility.

Developmental and reproductive toxicity of inorganic arsenic: animal studies and human concerns.

Information on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic is available primarily from studies in animals using arsenite and arsenate salts and arsenic trioxide. Inorganic arsenic has been extensively studied as a teratogen in animals. Data from animal studies demonstrate that arsenic can produce developmental toxicity, including malformation, death, and growth retardation, in four species (hamsters, mice, rats, rabbits).

Variation in biochemical screening for Down's syndrome in the United Kingdom.

A questionnaire survey was undertaken of all 73 laboratories performing Down's syndrome screening in 1995. An estimated 352,000 tests were performed representing 47% of maternities. Three-quarters of these tests have ultrasound dating information at the time of testing.

Pelvic manikins as learning aids.

The use of pelvic trainers in undergraduate teaching was evaluated, using a questionnaire based on examination findings of a series of four pelvic trainers by 20 medical students and 34 gynaecologists. The main outcome measures were the ability to correctly identify pelvic findings in the trainers, and the numbers of false positive findings. There were two adnexal masses in two of the trainers.

Urinary beta-core hCG: screening for aneuploidies in early pregnancy (11-14 weeks' gestation).

Initial studies at 17-22 weeks' gestation evaluating urinary beta-core human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as a marker for Down's syndrome had suggested that it may have more potential than its serum counterpart. This study measured maternal urinary beta-core-hCG and creatinine at 11-14 weeks' gestation in a series of 26 aneuploidies (nine trisomy 21, five trisomy 18, four 45,X0, and eight others). The normal range for beta-core-hCG and beta-core-hCG/ creatinine was derived from 198 normal singleton pregnancies.