Enhanced Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Female Urinary Incontinence Using Static and Functional Transperineal Ultrasonography.

: To investigate the utility of transperineal ultrasound in detecting stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and identify optimal anatomical and functional parameters. : Thirty-four women presenting with SUI with or without pelvic organ prolapse between 2012 and 2016 were studied. The control group included patients without SUI who underwent surgery for mild gynecologic disorders or pelvic organ prolapse.

Composition and Antioxidant Status of Human Milk of Women Living in Bydgoszcz (Poland).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cortisol concentrations, nutritional composition, and the antioxidant status of human milk of women living in Bydgoszcz (Poland), taking into account maternal factors (fertility, area of residence, economic activity, and breastfeeding period).

Methods: The basic composition of human milk was evaluated using the MIRIS HMA analyzer. The level of cortisol was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method.

Diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound in pelvic organ prolapse: a prospective observational study.

Background: The increasing awareness of women's health issues, specifically pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI), has spurred a surge in patients seeking specialised advice for these conditions, necessitating modern diagnostic approaches for such issues. This study explored the diagnostic utility of translabial ultrasound for POP, emphasising its correlation with clinical assessments based on International Continence Society (ICS) criteria.

Methods: Seventy-one patients with POP Quantification System (POP-Q) stage 0-IV with or without UI were prospectively enrolled at Jagiellonian University Medical College between 2014 and 2016.

Human Milk Microbiome-A Review of Scientific Reports.

One of the most important bioactive components of breast milk are free breast milk oligosaccharides, which are a source of energy for commensal intestinal microorganisms, stimulating the growth of , , and in a child's digestive tract. There is some evidence that maternal, perinatal, and environmental-cultural factors influence the modulation of the breast milk microbiome. This review summarizes research that has examined the composition of the breast milk microbiome and the factors that may influence it.

The Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Molecular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening: A Comprehensive Review.

The uterine cervix is one of the key factors involved in ensuring a proper track of gestation and labor. At the end of the gestational period, the cervix undergoes extensive changes, which can be summarized as a transformation from a non-favorable cervix to one that is soft and prone to dilation. During a process called cervical ripening, fundamental remodeling of the cervical extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs.

Epigenetic Genome Modifications during Pregnancy: The Impact of Essential Nutritional Supplements on DNA Methylation.

Pregnancy is an extremely stressful period in a pregnant woman's life. Currently, women's awareness of the proper course of pregnancy and its possible complications is constantly growing. Therefore, a significant percentage of women increasingly reach for various dietary supplements during gestation.

Endogenous Digitalis-like Factors as a Key Molecule in the Pathophysiology of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Preeclampsia.

(PE), the most severe presentation of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality linked to pregnancy, affecting both mother and fetus. Despite advances in prophylaxis and managing PE, delivery of the fetus remains the only causative treatment available. Focus on complex pathophysiology brought the potential for new treatment options, and more conservative options allowing reduction of feto-maternal complications and sequelae are being investigated.

Risk of Cesarean Delivery after Vaginal Inserts with Prostaglandin Analogs and Single-Balloon Catheter Used for Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor.

(1) Background: Induction of labor is currently the most frequently performed procedure in modern obstetrics, referring to more than one in five women, and it is postulated that the percentage of labor induction will increase. (2) Methods: In total, 2935 patients in uncomplicated full-term pregnancy fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and underwent induction of labor. Pregnant women were divided into three groups: IOL with Dinoprostone, Misoprostol vaginal suppositories, and Foley catheter.

Results of Induction of Labor with Prostaglandins E1 and E2 (The RIPE Study): A Real-World Data Analysis of Obstetrical Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes of Pharmacological Induction of Labor with Vaginal Inserts.

Despite extensive knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for childbirth, the course of labor induction is often unpredictable. Therefore, labor induction protocols using prostaglandin analogs have been developed and tested to assess their effectiveness in labor induction unequivocally. A total of 402 women were collected into two groups-receiving vaginal Misoprostol or vaginal Dinoprostone for induction of labor (IOL).

Raspberry Leaves and Extracts-Molecular Mechanism of Action and Its Effectiveness on Human Cervical Ripening and the Induction of Labor.

The gestational period is an incredibly stressful time for a pregnant woman. Pregnant patients constantly seek effective and reliable compounds in order to achieve a healthy labor. Nowadays, increasing numbers of women use herbal preparations and supplements during pregnancy.

The 300 versus 300 Study-Low Volume versus High Volume Single Balloon Catheter for Induction of Labor: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

The use of a Foley catheter is one of the oldest known methods of labor induction. Therefore, protocols using different volumes of Foley catheter balloons have been developed and tested to accurately determine their effectiveness. In this study, it was decided to retrospectively evaluate two induction of labor (IOL) protocols.

The Efficacy of Misoprostol Vaginal Inserts for Induction of Labor in Women with Very Unfavorable Cervices.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a misoprostol vaginal insert as an induction-of-labor (IOL) agent in women with an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < 2) in achieving vaginal delivery (VD) within 48 h, depending on the gestational week, with particular emphasis on the cesarean section (CS) percentage, intrapartum analgesia application and possible side effects, such as tachysystole ratio.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study involving 6000 screened pregnant patients, 190 women (3%) fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and underwent vaginal misoprostol IOL. The pregnant women were collected into three groups: patients who delivered at up to 37 weeks of gestation (<37 Group)-42 patients; patients who delivered between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation (37-41 Group)-76 patients; and patients who delivered after 41 weeks of gestation (41+ Group)-72 patients.

A Review of the Mechanism of Action and Clinical Applications of Osmotic Dilators for Cervical Ripening in the Induction of Labor and in Gynecology Procedures.

Cervical ripening is defined as the significant softening of the cervical tissue that usually begins before the onset of contractions during labor, and is required for cervical dilation and delivery. Osmotic dilators are medical implements that dilate the uterine cervix by increasing in size as they absorb fluid from the surrounding tissue. This article aims to review the mechanisms and applications of osmotic dilators for cervical ripening in the induction of labor and in gynecology procedures.

Unexpected Uterine Rupture-A Case Report, Review of the Literature and Clinical Suggestions.

Background And Objectives: Women with a history of cesarean section are a high-risk group because they are likely to develop uterine rupture during their next pregnancy. Current evidence suggests that a vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) is associated with lower maternal mortality and morbidity than elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD). Additionally, research suggests that uterine rupture can occur in 0.

Association of Membranous WNT-1 and Nuclear mTOR with Endometrial Cancer Grade.

Endometrial cancer remains a common cancer affecting the female reproductive system. There is still a need for more efficient ways of determining the degree of malignancy and optimizing treatment. WNT and mTOR are components of signaling pathways within tumor cells, and dysfunction of either protein is associated with the pathogenesis of neoplasms.

Signaling Pathways Regulating Human Cervical Ripening in Preterm and Term Delivery.

At the end of gestation, the cervical tissue changes profoundly. As a result of these changes, the uterine cervix becomes soft and vulnerable to dilation. The process occurring in the cervical tissue can be described as cervical ripening.

Impact of Oxidative Stress on Molecular Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women.

Uterine cervix is one of the essential factors in labor and maintaining the proper course of pregnancy. During the last days of gestation, the cervix undergoes extensive changes manifested by transformation from a tight and rigid to one that is soft and able to dilate. These changes can be summarized as "cervical ripening".

Decrease in Nitric Oxide Production as a Key Mediator in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and a Potential Therapeutic Target: A Case-Control Study.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (GH) complicates 6−10% of all pregnancies and, in 2019, was responsible for approximately 28,000 deaths. The most common cause of gestational hypertension is pre-eclampsia (PE), which afflicts 2−8% of all pregnancies and is one of the three leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to clarify how NO metabolism changes during the course of PE.

Validation of HER2 Status in Whole Genome Sequencing Data of Breast Cancers with the Ploidy-Corrected Copy Number Approach.

Background And Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression is one of the most significant biomarkers for breast cancer diagnostics, treatment prediction, and prognostics. The high accessibility of HER2 inhibitors in routine clinical practice directly translates into the diagnostic need for precise and robust marker identification. Even though multigene next-generation sequencing methodologies have slowly taken over the field of single-biomarker molecular tests, the copy number alterations such as amplification of the HER2-coding ERBB2 gene are hard to validate on next-generation sequencing platforms as they are characterized by chromosomal structural heterogeneity, polysomy, and genomic context of ploidy.

Adipokine levels and carbohydrate metabolism in patients diagnosed de novo with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Central obesity appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome. Insulin resistance and carbohydrate disorders are associated with dysfunctional secretion of various adipokines by the adipose tissue.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate leptin, apelin, and visfatin against a background of carbohydrate metabolism parameters in patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

C-reactive protein as a diagnostic and prognostic factor of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer in women and its morbidity and mortality are continuously increasing. Considering experience with different types of cancers, C-reactive protein (CRP) appears to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor. Aiming to investigate its potential in view of EC authors of this paper reviewed databases for metanalysis, randomized controlled trials and review articles.

The Role of NF-κB in Uterine Spiral Arteries Remodeling, Insight into the Cornerstone of Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is one of the three leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It afflicts 2-8% of pregnancies and is the most common cause of gestational hypertension. This article is focused on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), its role in normal and pathological spiral arteries remodelling and development of preeclampsia, with evaluation if it is a promising therapeutic target.

The NLRP3 Inflammasome Role in the Pathogenesis of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Preeclampsia.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia are associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality. A better understanding of these diseases, delineation of molecular pathomechanism, and efficient treatment development are some of the most urgent tasks in obstetrics and gynecology. Recent findings indicate the crucial role of inflammation in the development of hypertension and preeclampsia.

Methyldopa as an inductor of postpartum depression and maternal blues: A review.

Purpose: Pregnancy and time period right after labour are connected with some dangerous states, such as: pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), which afflict 6-10 % of pregnant women and mood disorders where postpartum depression occurs among 10-15 % of women after labour and so-called baby blues afflicts around 43 % of them. Scientists tried to link those diseases which afflicts thousands of women per year, and the linking factor appears to be methyldopa which is the first choice treatment of PIH. Recent study showed that 778 % of pregnant women treated with methyldopa suffered to postpartum depression.

Possible Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Hearing Loss Development.

Considered safe and often available as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most frequently used medicines. Over recent years much research analyzing PPI has been conducted and these studies shed light on PPI side effects and the mechanisms of these processes. In this study we summarize the findings of these studies and through deduction present some hypotheses on the impact of PPI on health.