Challenges and barriers for the adoption of personalized medicine in Europe: the case of Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score test.

Personalized medicine, aiming to tailor treatments based on individual patient characteristics, holds immense potential in oncology. However, its widespread adoption in Europe faces numerous challenges, as illustrated by the case study of the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score assay, a genomic test for breast cancer. This manuscript delineates the multifaceted obstacles encountered during the introduction of the Oncotype DXtest (Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score test) in Europe from 2004 to 2018.