Contribution of Bone Tissue to Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism. Role of FGF23 and Klotho Protein.

Bone tissue actively contributes to the regulation of systemic homoeostasis, and particularly the maintenance of calcium-phosphate balance. The parathyroid hormone-vitamin D feedback axis is balanced by the recently discovered bone-FGF23-kidney hormonal axis. An active complex consisting of FGF23, a receptor and Klotho protein blocks phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubules, increasing urine phosphate levels and decreasing blood phosphate levels.

Evaluation of Selected Parameters of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Children with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: The multifactor aetiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is commonly acknowledged. Both multivariate analyses of large study groups and the search for causes of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and its progression in individual patients indicate that the aetiopathogenesis of this disorder is remarkably complex. The discovery of novel bone turnover markers, such as Klotho protein and FGF-23, means that their role in this condition also has to be considered.