Current Knowledge of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Laboratory Research-Application, Toxicity, Cellular Uptake.

Silver and gold nanoparticles can be found in a range of household products related to almost every area of life, including patches, bandages, paints, sportswear, personal care products, food storage equipment, cosmetics, disinfectants, etc. Their confirmed ability to enter the organism through respiratory and digestive systems, skin, and crossing the blood-brain barrier raises questions of their potential effect on cell function. Therefore, this manuscript aimed to summarize recent reports concerning the influence of variables such as size, shape, concentration, type of coating, or incubation time, on effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on cultured cell lines.

The CXCR5 T follicular helper cell compartment in children with antibody deficiencies-in search of a prognostic marker of childhood hypogammaglobulinemia.

Background: Novel immunodiagnostic markers are required in order to discriminate between mild hypogammaglobulinemia and severe humoral primary immune deficiencies in children. The efficacy of an antibody response to infections and vaccines is underpinned by T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, activating an immunoglobulin class switch recombination, somatic hypermutations, and affinity maturation.

Objective: To determine the formation of the Tfh cells in antibody deficient children and to define their importance as prognostic markers helpful in defining the severity of hypogammaglobulinemia.

Cutaneous and systemic granulomatosis in ataxia-telangiectasia: a clinico-pathological study.

Introduction: The development of granulomas is a well-recognized manifestation of immunodeficiency in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), resulting from lymphocyte developmental abnormalities, impaired immunosurveillance, and inappropriate innate immune response-driven inflammation.

Aim: To better understand pathological and immunological phenomena involved in development of cutaneous and visceral granulomatosis observable in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of eight A-T children, aged from 2 to 13 years, with regard to clinical, immunological and histopathological features of cutaneous and visceral granulomatosis.

The Potential Role of Circulating Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in the Prediction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients.

Background: The main aim of present study is to evaluate the potential role of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) - representing specific markers of endothelial damage, in the prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients categorized into two groups; mild (MH) and resistant hypertension (RH).

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients with MH and 28 subjects with RH were involved in the study. In both groups, patients were divided into an LVH and non-LVH group.

Association between Advanced Glycation End Products, Soluble RAGE Receptor, and Endothelium Dysfunction, Evaluated by Circulating Endothelial Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Mild and Resistant Hypertension.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and soluble form of receptor RAGE (sRAGE) concentrations as well as the AGEs/sRAGE ratio in mild (MH) and resistant (RH) hypertensive patients in comparison with normotensive individuals. We also evaluated the association between AGEs, sRAGE as well as AGEs/sRAGE ratio and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs). The MH group consisted of 30 patients, whereas 30 patients were classified for the RH group.

Significance and Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Malignancy.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are members of innate immunity, playing pivotal role in several immunological reactions. They are known to act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. They are expressed on several normal cell types but have been shown with increasing frequency on/in tumor cells.

The endothelial status reflected by circulating endothelial cells, circulating endothelial progenitor cells and soluble thrombomodulin in patients with mild and resistant hypertension.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate endothelial status by measuring the concentration of novel markers of endothelial dysfunction (ED): a number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPCs) and their ratio (CEPCs/CECs) as well as a traditional parameter - soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) in patients with resistant (RH) and mild hypertension (MH).

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients with MH and thirty subjects with RH were involved in the study. The control group included thirty-three age and sex-matched normotensive volunteers.

Relationship between the von Willebrand Factor Plasma Concentration and Ultrasonographic Doppler Findings in Pregnancies Complicated by Hypertensive Disorders: A Pilot Study.

Background/aims: Recent evidence suggests that impaired cytotrophoblast proliferation and migration are major factors responsible for the development of hypertension in pregnancy. Studies report that von Willebrand factor (vWf) is a specific endothelial damage plasma marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vWf maternal plasma concentration and maternal and fetal Doppler flow measurements in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.

Circulating endothelial cells, circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and von Willebrand factor in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders.

Problem: We tested the hypothesis that the number of both CECs and CEPCs as well as the vWf blood plasma concentration are altered in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders.

Method Of Study: Seventy-five pregnant women were enrolled in our study. We used multicolor flow cytometry for CEC and CEPC analysis and the commercial human VWF ELISA kit to measure vWf blood plasma concentration.

Pluripotency transcription factors in lung cancer-a review.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Diagnosis of lung cancer in an early stage is still a challenge due to the asymptomatic course of early stages of the disease and the lack of a standard screening program for the population. Nowadays, learning about the mechanisms that lead to cancerogenesis in the lung is crucial for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.