Case Report and Literature Review of : Difficult-to-Treat Arthritis in Hiding.

Septic arthritis is a life-threatening rheumatological syndrome that is highly related to a patient's immune status and comorbidities, and although the most common clinical presentation is rapid-onset monoarthritis, it can also appear as subacute or chronic joint swelling. In these cases, differential diagnosis is more challenging, but early diagnosis and treatment is no less urgent to ensure a good global prognosis and the best outcome of the affected joint. Anaerobic microorganisms, such as , are an uncommon cause of septic arthritis (less than 5% of cases) but may be the cause of subacute arthritis.

HLA-Cw6 allele and biologic therapy are protective factors against liver fibrosis in psoriatic arthritis patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between liver fibrosis and the HLACw6 allele in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study involving PsA patients with determination of the HLA-Cw6 allele was performed. Liver fibrosis was estimated by using the FIB-4 (fibrosis-4) score.

Ultrasound Doppler enthesitis shows sensitivity to change after biological therapy in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients.

Objective: To explore the sensitivity to change in power Doppler (PD) enthesitis in active spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.

Method: This was a longitudinal study in patients with SpA and PsA with active disease [patients starting or switching to biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs)]. The MAdrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI) was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 month visits.

Enthesis lesions are associated with X-ray progression in psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: To analyze the relationship among enthesis ultrasound (US) lesions and radiological structural damage in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients.

Methods: Consecutive PsA patients with swelling of at least 1 of the 2nd to 5th metacarpophalangeal joints were included. Clinical and demographic data were collected.

The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevalence is believed to be around 1% worldwide, although it varies considerably among different populations. The aim of EPISER2016 study was to estimate the prevalence of RA in the general adult population in Spain. We designed a population-based cross-sectional study.

Doppler enthesitis: a potential useful outcome in the assessment of axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: To analyse the frequency of power Doppler (PD) enthesitis in active axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients and its potential usefulness in clinical practice.

Methods: A prospective multicentre cross-sectional study in patients with axSpA and PsA with active disease was undertaken. Patients underwent bilateral ultrasound (US) examination of the peripheral entheses according to the Madrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI).

Higher prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in the adult population in Spain? A population-based cross-sectional study.

Objective: The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is very heterogeneous. There are no data on its frequency in the general population in Spain. The aim of EPISER2016 study was to estimate the prevalence of PsA in people aged ≥20 years in Spain.

Determination of serum free light chains as a marker of systemic lupus flare.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the usefulness of the determination of free light chains (FLC) in serum as a biomarker of flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to analyze the differences in their discriminatory capacity with complement C3 and C4.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. The definition of flare was based on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) Flare Index.

Updating the use of the Madrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI): a systematic review of the literature.

Objective: To perform a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the use of the enthesis ultrasound Madrid Sonographic Entesis Index (MASEI) from its publication.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register databases was performed. The search strategy was constructed to identify publications containing terms related to enthesis and ultrasound.

Ultrasonography of enthesis in psoriatic arthritis: a descriptive and reliability analysis of elemental lesions and power Doppler subtypes.

: To evaluate the reliability and prevalence of enthesis ultrasound (US) elemental lesions in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), using the Madrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI) and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) definitions.: The study included 27 PsA patients with metacarpophalangeal joint swelling. An US rheumatologist performed the MASEI examination.

Orthopedic Surgery in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Spanish National Registry of Hospitalized Patients over 17 Years.

Objective: To analyze the trend of orthopedic surgery (OS) rates on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: Retrospective observational study based on information provided by the Spanish National System of Hospital Data Surveillance. All hospitalizations of patients with RA for orthopedic surgery [total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), arthrodesis, and upper limb arthroplasty (ULA)] during 1999-2015 were analyzed.

Peritenon Extensor Tendon Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis Is an Enthesitis-related Lesion.

Objective: To analyze the association between enthesitis, synovitis, and peritenon extensor tendon inflammation (PTI) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: PsA patients with swelling of metacarpophalangeal joints were included. Greyscale and power Doppler (PD) were used for synovitis and PTI ultrasound identification.

Trends in hip fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Spanish National Inpatient Registry over a 17-year period (1999-2015). TREND-AR study.

Purpose: To analyse trends in hip fracture (HF) rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over an extended time period (17 years).

Methods: This observational retrospective survey was performed by reviewing data from the National Surveillance System for Hospital Data, which includes more than 98% of Spanish hospitals. All hospitalisations of patients with RA and HF that were reported from 1999 to 2015 were analysed.

Increased prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fractures in HIV-infected patients over 50 years of age.

Unlabelled: The prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fracture in HIV-infected patients over 50 was 20%, associated with older age, male sex, longer time since HIV diagnosis, and tubular renal alterations. Vertebral fractures were independent of osteoporosis at lumbar spine, and were not predicted by the use of the FRAX equation.

Purpose: Vertebral fractures (VF) are the hallmark of osteoporotic fractures.

Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in adult population in Spain (EPISER 2016 study): Aims and methodology.

Aims: To describe the methodology of the EPISER 2016 (study of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in adult population in Spain), as well its strengths and limitations. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis (knee, hip, hands, and cervical and lumbar spine), fibromyalgia, gout and clinical osteoporotic fracture.

Material And Method: Population-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study, with the participation of 45 municipalities in the 17 Spanish autonomous communities.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adults: case report and review of literature.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) mainly affects overweight prepubertal children. It is usually idiopathic, but endocrinological diseases are proposed as the main cause. SCFE occurs before the closing of the femoral physis, which generally occurs at 18 years in males and 16 years in females, therefore it is considered a children's disease.