Ethical, Psychological and Social Un/certainties in the Face of Deemed Consent for Organ Donation in England.

Deemed consent legislation for deceased organ donation was introduced in England in 2020, and is considered a vital part of the new UK NHS Blood and Transplant's 10-year strategy to increase consent for organ donation. Despite the legislation containing safeguards to protect the public, the introduction of deemed consent creates ethical, psychological and social un/certainties for healthcare professionals in their practice. In this paper, we offer insights into healthcare professionals' perspectives on deemed consent, drawn from interview data with 24 healthcare professionals in an NHS Trust in England, prior to the introduction of the legislation.

Discharge Against Medical Advice: The Causes, Consequences and Possible Corrective Measures.

Patients who discharge themselves against medical advice comprise 1%-2% of hospital admissions. Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is defined as when a hospitalised patient chooses to leave the hospital before the treating medical team recommends discharge. The act of DAMA impacts on both the patient, the staff and their ongoing care.

Facilitating the ethical sourcing of donor hematopoietic stem cells for cell and gene therapy research and development.

Unrelated stem cell donor registries (DRs) are increasingly engaging in the field of cell and gene therapy (CGT). This study aims to explore the values, concerns, needs and expectations of donors and members of the public on donating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for CGT. Seven focus groups were conducted in 2019 with members of the public, prospective donors and donors on the Anthony Nolan DR in the UK.

Coping strategies of food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, a high-income Latin American country: A qualitative study through the lens of Bourdieu's theories of capitals and practice.

Food insecurity has been associated with negative short, medium, and long-term health consequences, which are more detrimental for children and adolescents. These effects may depend on the coping strategies developed to deal with food shortages. The present research aimed at exploring coping strategies in food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, incorporating sociological theoretical insights from Bourdieu.

Remuneration of donors for cell and gene therapies: an update on the principles and perspective of the World Marrow Donor Association.

The cell and gene therapy (CGT) sector has witnessed significant advancement over the past decade, the inception of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) being one of the most transformational. ATMPs treat serious medical conditions, in some cases providing curative therapy for seriously ill patients. There is interest in pivoting the ATMP development from autologous based treatments to allogenic, to offer faster and greater patient access that should ultimately reduce treatment costs.

Eugenol-Rich Essential Oil from : In Vitro and In Vivo Potentialities against .

L. is one the most recognized species with diverse biological activities. In this study, in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of essential oil from (EO-Pd) was evaluated.

Genetic Findings of Potential Donor Origin following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Recommendations on Donor Disclosure and Genetic Testing from the World Marrow Donor Association.

Following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), recipients are subjected to extensive genetic testing to monitor the efficacy of the transplantation and identify relapsing malignant disease. This testing is increasingly including the use of large gene panels, which may lead to incidental identification of genetic and molecular information of potential donor origin. Deciphering whether variants are of donor origin, and if so, whether there are clinical implications for the donor can prove challenging.

Parent Experiences With Warning Labels After Policy Implementation in Uruguay.

Objective: To explore the perception and experiences of parents of children and adolescents during the first year of the mandatory implementation of nutritional warning labels in Uruguay.

Design: Qualitative research based on semistructured interviews.

Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay.

Prolonged grief during and beyond the pandemic: factors associated with levels of grief in a four time-point longitudinal survey of people bereaved in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a devastating and enduring mass-bereavement event, with uniquely difficult sets of circumstances experienced by people bereaved at this time. However, little is known about the long-term consequences of these experiences, including the prevalence of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) and other conditions in pandemic-bereaved populations.

Methods: A longitudinal survey of people bereaved in the UK between 16 March 2020 and 2 January 2021, with data collected at baseline ( = 711), c.

Health-Washing of Ultraprocessed Products on Instagram: Prevalence and Strategies in an Emerging Market.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of health-related cues as part of the digital marketing of ultraprocessed foods on Instagram among food companies in Uruguay.

Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study. All content posted by 118 Instagram accounts of companies promoting ultraprocessed foods in Uruguay over 6 months (from August 2020 to February 2021) was retrieved.

Measuring Vulnerability in Grief: The Psychometric Properties of the Italian Adult Attitude to Grief Scale.

Although experiences of loss and the consequent grief are natural in human life, some individuals may have difficulty managing these events, to the point of developing significant impairment in their functioning in important life areas. Given this, the present research aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Adult Attitude to Grief scale (AAG) to facilitate research on adult vulnerability to grief among Italian-speaking populations. A sample of 367 participants ( = 30.

Use of nutritional warning labels at the point of purchase: An exploratory study using self-reported measures and eye-tracking.

Nutritional warning labels are gaining relevance in the region of the Americas as a policy tool to reduce information asymmetry and encourage healthier food choices. However, empirical evidence about consumer experiences with warning labels after implementation is still scarce. In this context, the aim of the present work was to explore the use of nutritional warning labels after policy implementation in Uruguay, using a combination of eye-tracking and self-reported data.

Prospective donors' perspectives on hematopoietic cell donation for cell and gene therapy research and development.

To explore prospective donors' attitudes and perceptions toward donating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for novel treatments research and development (R&D). A survey was launched by Anthony Nolan (AN) to assess prospective donors' willingness to donate HSCs for novel therapies R&D, and their degree of comfort with the AN collaborating with and receiving payment from external organizations. Most participants (87%) were willing to donate for novel treatment R&D and were comfortable with AN collaborating with external organizations and receiving payment (91% and 80%, respectively).

Building reflective spaces for junior doctors to promote ethical, legal and professional learning relating to clinical practice.

Background: Concerns have been raised surrounding the training of Foundation Doctors on the ethical, legal and professionalism (ELP) aspects of clinical practice, leading to some to claim a degree of educational neglect. Foundation Doctors are junior doctors in the United Kingdom within the first 2 years of their medical career since graduating from medical school.

Approach: Lancaster University and Health Education England North West (HEE NW) introduced a series of training materials specially created to meet the ELP training needs of Foundation Doctors, which were piloted by Foundation Schools.

Factors Associated With Higher Levels of Grief and Support Needs Among People Bereaved During the Pandemic: Results from a National Online Survey.

We identified factors associated with higher levels of grief and support needs among 711 people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK (deaths 16 March 2020-2 January 2021). An online survey assessed grief using the Adult Attitude to Grief (AAG) scale, which calculates an overall index of vulnerability (IOV) (range 0-36), and practical and emotional support needs in 13 domains. Participants' mean age was 49.

The content of Instagram posts featuring ultra-processed products through the lens of the heuristic-systematic model.

Digital marketing has seen a rapid rise in the last decade as a consequence of the increased popularity of social media. However, few studies so far have analyzed the prevalence and persuasive power of digital marketing of ultra-processed products. The present study aimed at: (i) analyzing the content of Instagram posts of ultra-processed products through the lens of the heuristic-systematic model, and (ii) evaluating the influence of the content of the posts on user interactions.

Antileishmanial Anthracene Endoperoxides: Efficacy In Vitro, Mechanisms and Structure-Activity Relationships.

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoal Leishmania parasites. Previous studies have shown that endoperoxides (EP) can selectively kill Leishmania in host cells. Therefore, we studied in this work a set of new anthracene-derived EP (AcEP) together with their non-endoperoxidic analogs in model systems of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes (LtP) and J774 macrophages for their antileishmanial activity and selectivity.

Health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products: prevalence and policy implications.

The information included on food packages has a crucial role in influencing consumer product associations and purchase decisions. In particular, visual and textual cues on processed and ultra-processed products can convey health-related associations that influence consumer healthiness perception and purchase decisions. In this context, the present work aimed to explore the use of health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products sold in Uruguay to provide insights for policy making.

A Qualitative Exploration of Parents' Food Choices During Early Childhood.

Objective: To explore parents' accounts of the goals they seek when choosing foods for their young children through the lens of goal-systems theory.

Design: In-depth interviews with parents of children aged from 6 months to 5 years.

Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay.

Exploring Specialist Palliative Care Practitioner Perspectives on the Face Validity of the Attitude to Health Change Scales in Assessing the Impact of Life-limiting Illness on Patients and Carers.

Identifying and assessing vulnerability and resilience through reflexive reactions and conscious coping responses to life-limiting illness is an important, but rarely assessed, component of care. The novel Attitude to Health Change scales can contribute to this, but require fuller development and testing. Exploring face validity of the Attitude to Health Change Scales (patient and carer versions) from the perspective of specialist palliative care professionals.

Support needs and barriers to accessing support: Baseline results of a mixed-methods national survey of people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a mass bereavement event which has profoundly disrupted grief experiences. Understanding support needs and access to support among people bereaved at this time is crucial to ensuring appropriate bereavement support infrastructure.

Aim: To investigate grief experiences, support needs and use of formal and informal bereavement support among people bereaved during the pandemic.

The contributions of civil society to food security in the context of COVID-19: a qualitative exploration in Uruguay.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and analyse the actions implemented by civil society to contribute to food security in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Uruguay, a high-income country in South America.

Design: An exploratory systematic approach was used to identify the contributions of civil society to food security through reports in news websites and Facebook posts. Data were analysed based on content analysis following a deductive-inductive approach.

Do nutritional warnings encourage healthier choices on food ordering websites? An exploratory experimental study in Uruguay.

Objective: To evaluate if the inclusion of nutritional warnings in food ordering websites can discourage consumers from purchasing foods with excessive content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD).

Design: Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: control (n 225) or nutritional warnings (n 222). Nutritional warnings corresponded to separate black octagonal signs containing the word 'Excess' followed by the corresponding nutrient: total fat, saturated fat, sugars and sodium.