The Effects of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation on Vocal Fold Regeneration.

Objectives/hypothesis: Vocal fold (VF) scar and sulcus cause severe vocal problems, but optimal methods have not been established. Total replacement of the mucosa is required particularly for cases in which the whole lamina propria is occupied by severe fibrosis and vibratory function is totally lost. The amniotic membrane (AM) has been proven to have regenerative potential, as it contains stem cells and growth factors.

Important role of fungal intracellular laccase for melanin synthesis: purification and characterization of an intracellular laccase from Lentinula edodes fruit bodies.

A laccase (EC 1.10.3.