In vivo target validation using gene invalidation, RNA interference and protein functional knockout models: it is the time to combine.

Most diseases have multifactorial origins and their study requires complex in vivo validation strategies selected for their particular relevance. Most of the in vivo models used to date have been selected according to their availability and the accessibility of the corresponding technology platform. With the rapid development of new technologies, an increasing number of relevant systems for in vivo target validation are now available.

Chemokines derived from soluble fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli are biologically active.

Chemokines are a class of low molecular weight proteins that are involved in leukocytes trafficking. Due to their involvement in recruiting immune cells to sites of inflammation, chemokines, and chemokine receptors have become an attractive class of therapeutic targets. However, when expressed in Escherichia coli chemokines are poorly soluble and accumulate in inclusion bodies.