Evolution of Microbial Flora Colonizing Burn Wounds during Hospitalization in Uruguay.

(1) Background: Infections are a main cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients. The spectrum of microorganisms depends on the epidemiological context and treatment practices. We aimed to describe the evolution of microbial flora colonizing burn wounds among patients hospitalized during 15 or more days at the National Burn Center in 2015.

Estimating the Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Uruguay.

We aimed to estimate for the first time the burden of fungal infections in Uruguay. Data on population characteristics and underlying conditions were extracted from the National Statistics Institute, the World Bank, national registries, and published articles. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate frequencies extrapolating from the literature.

Comparing the cost-effectiveness of linezolid to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection: a healthcare system perspective.

Objective: Few industry-independent studies have been conducted to compare the relative costs and benefits of drugs to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. We performed a stochastic cost-effectiveness analysis comparing two treatment strategies-linezolid versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin-for the treatment of MRSA infection.

Methods: We used cost and effectiveness data from a previously conducted clinical trial, complementing with other data from published literature, to compare the two regimens from a healthcare system perspective.

Randomized non-inferiority trial to compare trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin versus linezolid for the treatment of MRSA infection.

Objectives: The therapeutic arsenal for MRSA infections is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the non-inferiority of a combination of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole plus rifampicin versus linezolid alone for the treatment of MRSA infection.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, open-label, single-centre, non-inferiority trial comparing trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg three times daily) plus rifampicin (600 mg once a day) versus linezolid (600 mg twice a day) alone in adult patients with various types of MRSA infection.

Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An international survey.

The antibiotic susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates reported from 17 countries in the Americas, Europe and, Australia-Asia were analysed. Among a total of 3236 non-duplicate isolates, the lowest susceptibility was observed to erythromycin in all regions. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin showed large variation (25%, 75% and 84% in the Americas, Europe and Australia-Asia, respectively).

Burden of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections at a Swiss University hospital: excess length of stay and costs.

Background: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections increase hospital costs primarily by prolonging patient length of stay (LOS).

Aim: To estimate the health-economic burden of MRSA infections at a Swiss University hospital using different analytical approaches.

Methods: Excess LOS was estimated by: (i) multistate modelling comparing MRSA-infected and MRSA-free patients with MRSA infection as time-dependent exposure; (ii) matching MRSA-infected patients with a cohort of MRSA-uninfected patients.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children treated in Uruguay.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus produces a variety of diseases among children, ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to invasive life-threatening diseases. Since 1990, an increasing number of diseases produced by community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates have been reported.

Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case-control study.

Background: The clinical importance of low-level mupirocin resistance and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether resistance to these agents increases the risk of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage after their use for topical decolonization therapy.

Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted of MRSA carriers who received decolonization therapy from 2001 through 2008.

Invasive fusariosis with prolonged fungemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: case report and review of the literature.

Fusariumspp are rare but important opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Disseminated fusarial infections occur mostly in patients with hematologic malignancies with myelosuppressive chemotherapy or in patients with severe immunodeficiency. Although more frequent than Aspergillus fungemia, Fusarium fungemia remains a rare event.

Surveillance of antibiotic resistance evolution and detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in human isolates of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium obtained in Uruguay between 1976 and 2000.

Objectives: To study the evolution of antibiotic resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) obtained in Uruguay between the years 1976 and 2000, and to determine the incidence of class 1 and 2 integrons in the multi-resistant isolates.

Methods: We studied 258 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium from various sources, isolated between 1976 and 2000. We determined the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the distribution of class 1 and 2 integrons in all isolates by means of disk diffusion assays and PCR.