Reprint of: Evaluation of a community-based pharmacy resident-led continuous glucose monitoring program within a family medicine clinic.

Background: Pharmacist-driven continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and achievement of daily glycemic goals. Community-based pharmacists are well-positioned to improve CGM uptake among patients with diabetes due to their accessibility and expertise. However, little data exist evaluating the outcomes of CGM services led by a community-based pharmacist.

Colorectal cancer screening knowledge among community pharmacists: A national survey.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can reduce CRC morbidity and mortality. Community pharmacies could be a viable option for delivering home-based CRC screening tests such as fecal immunochemical tests (FITs). However, little is known about community pharmacists' knowledge about CRC screening guidelines.

Findings From a National Survey of Older US Adults on Patient Willingness to Use Telehealth Services: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Telehealth (telemedicine and telepharmacy) services increase access to patient services and ensure continuity of care. However, few studies have assessed factors that influence patients' willingness to use telehealth services, and we sought to investigate this.

Objective: This study aims to examine respondents' (aged between 45 and 75 years) willingness to use telehealth services (telepharmacy and telemedicine) and the correlates of the willingness to use telehealth services.

College student perceptions of pharmacist-provided hormonal contraception.

Background: North Carolina immunizing pharmacists are authorized to provide oral and transdermal hormonal contraception to eligible patients. In March 2022, implementation of this enhanced patient care service began statewide, after approval of standing orders and published training from the North Carolina Association of Pharmacists. Two pharmacy locations on a college campus began offering pharmacist-provided hormonal contraception shortly after approval.

Impact of health information exchange access on medication management recommendations in a community-based pharmacy setting.

Background: Community-based pharmacists have historically lacked access to electronic medical records and clinical markers. Research was needed to assess the impact of obtaining clinical markers from a health information exchange (HIE) on pharmacist recommendations during a medication management encounter.

Objective: The objective of this project was to quantify and characterize clinical recommendations by pharmacists, resident pharmacists, or student pharmacists within an independent pharmacy setting that had access to patient information via an HIE.

Evaluation of a hybrid medication synchronization training module for pharmacy technicians.

Background: Medication synchronization involves coordinating a patient's medications to a single date each month. Medication synchronization programs close gaps in care and improve adherence compared with automatic refill-processing programs. Patients are 2-6 times more adherent to medications when enrolled in a medication synchronization program.

Evaluation of a community-based pharmacy resident-led continuous glucose monitoring program within a family medicine clinic.

Background: Pharmacist-driven continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and achievement of daily glycemic goals. Community-based pharmacists are well-positioned to improve CGM uptake among patients with diabetes due to their accessibility and expertise. However, little data exists evaluating the outcomes of CGM services led by a community-based pharmacist.

Patient Willingness to Use a Pharmacy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Service: A National Survey of U.S. Adults.

Background: We aimed to understand U.S. adults' willingness to use a pharmacy-based fecal immunochemical test (FIT) distribution service for routine colorectal cancer screening called PharmFIT using Diffusion of Innovation Theory, evaluating patient's appraisals of the program's relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity.

The Report of the 2022-2023 AACP Professional Affairs Standing Committee: Focused Integration of Community-Based Pharmacy Practice Within the AACP Transformation Center.

The 2022-2023 Professional Affairs Committee was charged to (1) Devise a framework and 3-year workplan for the Academia-Community Pharmacy Transformation Pharmacy Collaborative to be integrated within the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Transformation Center. This plan should include the focus area(s) to be continued and developed by the Center, potential milestone dates or events, and necessary resources; and (2) Provide recommendations on focus areas and/or potential questions for the Pharmacy Workforce Center to consider for the 2024 National Pharmacist Workforce Study. This report provides the background and methodology utilized to develop the framework and 3-year workplan focused on (1) community-based pharmacy pipeline development for recruitment, programming, and retention, (2) programming and resources for community-based pharmacy practice, and (3) research areas for community-based pharmacy practice.

Patient preferences for the design of a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening program.

Purpose: To assess preferences for design of a pharmacy-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program (PharmFIT™) among screening-eligible adults in the United States (US) and explore the impact of rurality on pharmacy use patterns (e.g., pharmacy type, prescription pick-up preference, service quality rating).

Impact of a statewide community pharmacy approach to opioid harm reduction.

Background: The past several years have seen sharp increases in opioid overdose mortality. Harm reduction resources, such as nonprescription syringes and naloxone, are used to save lives.

Objectives: To develop a statewide approach to increase the use of opioid harm reduction services through community pharmacies.

An Exploration of Preceptor-Provided Written Feedback on Entrustable Professional Activities During Early Practice Experiences.

To explore and evaluate open-ended feedback on entrustable professional activities (EPAs) provided by preceptors to Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students completing their first practice experience. A retrospective review was conducted of qualitative data collected from preceptor evaluations of student pharmacists who had completed a two-month practice experience in either community or health-system pharmacy at the end of their first professional year. Preceptors had used a validated EPA framework to assess students.

Implementation of a community-based pharmacist-run attention deficit hyperactivity disorder clinic in a college health center.

Background: Published evidence is lacking to describe the pharmacist's role in medication management within an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) specialty clinic.

Objectives: The objectives were (1) to measure the growth of an ADHD clinic in a college health center after the integration of clinical pharmacists and (2) to evaluate provider adherence to clinic policies and procedures before and after pharmacist integration.

Practice Description: In 2017, a pharmacist-run ADHD clinic was established at a college campus.

Analysis of provider-generated revenue and impact on medication reconciliation from a pharmacist-led chronic care management service.

Background: Published data on pharmacist-provided chronic care management (CCM) services is limited, particularly for programs led by community-based pharmacists.

Objective: The objective was to quantify the total revenue generated from a community pharmacist-led CCM service, including CCM billing and appointment referrals. A second objective was to identify the types and frequencies of medication discrepancies identified during medication reconciliation.

Analysis of prior authorization success and timeliness at a community-based specialty care pharmacy.

Background: Specialty medications may require a prior authorization (PA) before a patient can access the medication. Providers often identify PA approval as a burden for the practice. Pharmacists can facilitate the completion of the PA process.

Community-based pharmacy use of the Pharmacist eCare Plan: A retrospective review.

Background: Pharmacists in community-based settings document patient care using the Pharmacist eCare Plan (PeCP).

Objective: To conduct a pilot evaluation of the PeCP use and documentation of Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) codes within select community-based pharmacies.

Practice Description: Moose Pharmacy operates 7 locations in rural North Carolina that are part of the Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN).

Role of Pharmacists in Hormonal Contraceptive Access: A Survey of North Carolina Pharmacists.

The role of pharmacy in healthcare continues to evolve as pharmacists gain increased clinical responsibilities in the United States, such as the opportunity to prescribe hormonal contraception. Currently, North Carolina (NC) pharmacists do not have this ability. While previous research focused on the perceptions of community pharmacists surrounding this practice, no previous research surveyed all pharmacists in a state.

Impact of quality measures performed through pharmacist collaboration with a primary care clinic.

Objective: The objective was to assess the clinical and financial impact of a pharmacist integrated within a primary care practice on quality measures of the merit-based incentive payment system (MIPS).

Setting: The study was conducted in a multidisciplinary primary care practice in Charlotte, NC.

Practice Description: A collaborating pharmacist from an independent community pharmacy is integrated within clinic workflow.

Using pharmacy technicians to maximize pharmacist intervention with home health service patients.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess 30- and 60-day hospitalizations and to determine the number of medication therapy problems (MTPs) identified during pharmacy technician-driven medication reconciliation for high- to very high-risk home health patients.

Setting: The study was conducted in 8 independent community pharmacy locations.

Practice Description: Realo Discount Drugs is a group of 16 independent community pharmacies serving eastern North Carolina.

Development of a process to improve medication adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the specialty pharmacy setting.

Objective: To develop a disease-specific patient questionnaire to be used during monthly follow-up telephone calls ("refill calls") for patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving a noninfused biologic medication.

Setting: Independent specialty community pharmacy in North Carolina.

Practice Description: Realo Specialty Care was formed to provide a patient-centered care approach to patients with complex, chronic conditions such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and plaque psoriasis.

The effect of community pharmacist-led health coaching on clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a community pharmacist-driven health coaching program on clinical outcomes from baseline to 1 year.

Setting: Independent community pharmacy in western North Carolina.

Practice Description: Sona Pharmacy + Clinic is an independent community pharmacy offering enhanced clinical services such as medication synchronization, adherence packaging, and free delivery.

Effect of a standardized module for training pharmacy technicians to assist with chronic care management services.

Objective: To measure the change in knowledge of a certified pharmacy technician (CPhT) after completing a standardized educational module highlighting key information required to complete chronic care management services.

Setting: Seven independent community pharmacy locations.

Practice Description: Realo Discount Drugs is a group of 19 independent community pharmacies serving eastern North Carolina.

A systematic review of the role of pharmacists in vaccination services in low-and middle-income countries.

Background: Pharmacists' role in vaccination has expanded in some countries with pharmacists having greater authority to perform various immunization activities, from vaccine storage, vaccine adverse event reporting, vaccination education and advocacy, to vaccine administration. However, pharmacists' present involvement in vaccination services is poorly understood across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Objective: To identify and synthesize evidence on pharmacists' roles in offering vaccination services in LMICs.

The essential role of pharmacists facilitating vaccination in older adults: the case of Herpes Zoster.

Older adults share a disproportionately high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Despite recommendations from national and international health organizations, vaccination rates among older patients remain suboptimal, suggesting poor access and barriers to vaccination. Pharmacists are uniquely positioned to assist patients in overcoming many of these barriers.

Vial-to-Pen: Community-Based Pharmacists Converting Insulin Regimens.

Objective: To describe a vial-to-pen conversion program driven by community-based pharmacists and determine conversion success rate.

Methods: A report based on prescription claims was generated and identified 200 prescriptions filled for an insulin vial product and syringes. Patients were contacted by community-based pharmacists during a five-month period and were informed of the availability and potential benefits of insulin pen delivery systems (IPDS).