Stress adaptation under evolution influences survival and metabolic phenotypes of clinical and environmental strains of El-Tor.

Bacterial adaptation to stress can lead to phenotypic variants with diverse levels of niche competitiveness, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we employed experimental evolution to investigate whether exposure to various stress conditions results in new phenotypic and metabolic properties in clinical and environmental strains of . Our findings revealed the emergence of variants with metabolic and genetic variations and enhanced survival under stress compared to the parental isolates.