A standard lexicon of terms for area-based conservation version 1.0.

Target 3 in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) calls for protecting at least 30% of the world's lands and waters in area-based conservation approaches by 2030. This ambitious 30×30 target has spurred great interest among policy makers, practitioners, and researchers in defining and measuring the effectiveness of these types of approaches. But along with this broad interest, there has also been a proliferation of terms and their accompanying abbreviations used to describe different types of conservation areas and their governance, planning, management, and monitoring.

Impact of Cochlear Dose on Hearing Preservation Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treatment of Vestibular Schwannomas: A Multi-Center Study.

Objective: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-established treatment for vestibular schwannomas (VS). Hearing loss remains a main morbidity of VS and its treatments, including SRS. The effects of radiation parameters of SRS on hearing remain unknown.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: From the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference.

Objectives: To systematically review and assimilate literature on children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) with the goal of developing an update to the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference recommendations and statements about clinical practice and research.

Data Sources: Electronic searches of MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost).

Study Selection: The search used a medical subject heading terms and text words to capture studies of ECMO in PARDS or acute respiratory failure.

Executive Summary of the Second International Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PALICC-2).

Objectives: We sought to update our 2015 work in the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC-2) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS), considering new evidence and topic areas that were not previously addressed.

Design: International consensus conference series involving 52 multidisciplinary international content experts in PARDS and four methodology experts from 15 countries, using consensus conference methodology, and implementation science.

Setting: Not applicable.

Long term outcome of babies with pulmonary hypertension.

Neonatal pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with many severe congenital abnormalities (congenital diaphragmatic hernia) or acquired cardiorespiratory diseases such as pneumonia, meconium aspiration and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). If no cause is found it may be labelled idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Although PH may result in life threatening hypoxia and circulatory failure, in the majority of cases, it resolves in the neonatal period following treatment of the underlying cause.

Co-ordinated multidisciplinary intervention to reduce time to successful extubation for children on mechanical ventilation: the SANDWICH cluster stepped-wedge RCT.

Background: Daily assessment of patient readiness for liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation can reduce the duration of ventilation. However, there is uncertainty about the effectiveness of this in a paediatric population.

Objectives: To determine the effect of a ventilation liberation intervention in critically ill children who are anticipated to have a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (primary objective) and in all children (secondary objective).

Effect of a Sedation and Ventilator Liberation Protocol vs Usual Care on Duration of Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: There is limited evidence on the optimal strategy for liberating infants and children from invasive mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine if a sedation and ventilator liberation protocol intervention reduces the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in infants and children anticipated to require prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A pragmatic multicenter, stepped-wedge, cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted that included 17 hospital sites (18 pediatric intensive care units) in the UK sequentially randomized from usual care to the protocol intervention.

Extending nanoscale patterning with multipolar surface plasmon resonances.

Plasmonic excitation of metallic nanoparticles can trigger chemical reactions at the nanoscale. Such optical effects can also be employed to selectively and locally graft photopolymer layers at the nanostructure surface, and, when combined with a surface functionalization agent, new pathways can be explored to modify the surface of a plasmonic nanoparticle. Among these approaches, diazonium salt chemistry is seen as an attractive strategy due to the high photoinduced reactivity of these salts.

Reducing wait time for administration of systemic anticancer treatment (SACT) in a hospital outpatient facility.

The demand for systemic anticancer treatment continues to rise due to the increasing numbers being diagnosed with cancer and developments in treatment options. The net result is greater pressure on services and subsequent patient delays. Delays in treatment could decrease the benefit of the therapy and be detrimental to patient experience.

Rethinking animal models of sepsis - working towards improved clinical translation whilst integrating the 3Rs.

Sepsis is a major worldwide healthcare issue with unmet clinical need. Despite extensive animal research in this area, successful clinical translation has been largely unsuccessful. We propose one reason for this is that, sometimes, the experimental question is misdirected or unrealistic expectations are being made of the animal model.

In-hospital interstage improves interstage survival after the Norwood stage 1 operation.

Objectives: The interstage mortality rate after a Norwood stage 1 operation remains 12-20% in current series. In-hospital interstage facilitates escalation of care, possibly improving outcome.

Methods: A retrospective study was designed for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and HLHS variants, offering an in-hospital stay after the Norwood operation until the completion of stage 2.

Sedation AND Weaning In Children (SANDWICH): protocol for a cluster randomised stepped wedge trial.

Introduction: Weaning from ventilation is a complex process involving several stages that include recognition of patient readiness to begin the weaning process, steps to reduce ventilation while optimising sedation in order not to induce distress and removing the endotracheal tube. Delay at any stage can prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation. We developed a multicomponent intervention targeted at helping clinicians to safely expedite this process and minimise the harms associated with unnecessary mechanical ventilation.

Correction to: Paediatric intensive care admission blood pressure and risk of death in 30,334 children.

The authors of the article entitled "Paediatric Intensive Care admission blood pressure and risk of death in 30,334 children" inform that due to an error in their database extraction, the following corrections to the data published should be notified.

Consensus Recommendations for RBC Transfusion Practice in Critically Ill Children From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative.

Objectives: To date, there are no published guidelines to direct RBC transfusion decision-making specifically for critically ill children. We present the recommendations from the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative.

Design: Consensus conference series of multidisciplinary, international experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill children.

Recommendations on RBC Transfusions for Critically Ill Children With Nonhemorrhagic Shock From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative.

Objectives: To present the recommendations and supporting literature for RBC transfusions in critically ill children with nonhemorrhagic shock developed by the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative.

Design: Consensus conference series of international, multidisciplinary experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill children.

Methods: The panel of 38 experts developed evidence-based, and when evidence was lacking, expert-based clinical recommendations as well as research priorities for RBC transfusions in critically ill children.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children With Cardiac Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Cardiac arrest occurs at a higher rate in children with heart disease than in healthy children. Pediatric basic life support and advanced life support guidelines focus on delivering high-quality resuscitation in children with normal hearts. The complexity and variability in pediatric heart disease pose unique challenges during resuscitation.

Mitigating Latent Threats Identified through an Embedded Simulation Program and Their Comparison to Patient Safety Incidents: A Retrospective Review.

Objective: To assess the impact of service improvements implemented because of latent threats (LTs) detected during simulation.

Design: Retrospective review from April 2008 to April 2015.

Setting: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in a specialist tertiary hospital.

Recommendations for mechanical ventilation of critically ill children from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC).

Purpose: Much of the common practice in paediatric mechanical ventilation is based on personal experiences and what paediatric critical care practitioners have adopted from adult and neonatal experience. This presents a barrier to planning and interpretation of clinical trials on the use of specific and targeted interventions. We aim to establish a European consensus guideline on mechanical ventilation of critically children.

Nursing & parental perceptions of neonatal care in Central Vietnam: a longitudinal qualitative study.

Background: Neonatal mortality accounts for nearly three quarters of all infant deaths in Vietnam. The nursing team are the largest professional group working with newborns, however do not routinely receive neonatal training and there is a lack of research into the impact of educational provision. This study explored changes in nursing perceptions towards their role following a neonatal educational intervention.

Endocrinologic Diseases in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care.

Objectives: The objectives of this review are to discuss the pathophysiology, clinical impact and treatment of hyperglycemia, and disturbances in thyroid and adrenal function prior to and following cardiac surgery in children.

Data Source: MEDLINE and PubMed.

Conclusions: Disturbances in glucose metabolism and thyroid and adrenal function are common in critically ill children with cardiac disease and in particular in children undergoing cardiac surgery for complex congenital heart disease.