Combining sound with tongue stimulation for the treatment of tinnitus: a multi-site single-arm controlled pivotal trial.

Bimodal neuromodulation is emerging as a nonsurgical treatment for tinnitus. Bimodal treatment combining sound therapy with electrical tongue stimulation using the Lenire device is evaluated in a controlled pivotal trial (TENT-A3, NCT05227365) consisting of 6-weeks of sound-only stimulation (Stage 1) followed by 6-weeks of bimodal treatment (Stage 2) with 112 participants serving as their own control. The primary endpoint compares the responder rate observed in Stage 2 versus Stage 1, where a responder exceeds 7 points in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory.

Fleischner Society: Glossary of Terms for Thoracic Imaging.

Members of the Fleischner Society have compiled a glossary of terms for thoracic imaging that replaces previous glossaries published in 1984, 1996, and 2008, respectively. The impetus to update the previous version arose from multiple considerations. These include an awareness that new terms and concepts have emerged, others have become obsolete, and the usage of some terms has either changed or become inconsistent to a degree that warranted a new definition.

Anatomic Point-Based Lung Region with Zone Identification for Radiologist Annotation and Machine Learning for Chest Radiographs.

Our objective is to investigate the reliability and usefulness of anatomic point-based lung zone segmentation on chest radiographs (CXRs) as a reference standard framework and to evaluate the accuracy of automated point placement. Two hundred frontal CXRs were presented to two radiologists who identified five anatomic points: two at the lung apices, one at the top of the aortic arch, and two at the costophrenic angles. Of these 1000 anatomic points, 161 (16.

Managing Incidental Findings on Thoracic CT: Lung Findings. A White Paper of the ACR Incidental Findings Committee.

The ACR Incidental Findings Committee presents recommendations for managing incidentally detected lung findings on thoracic CT. The Chest Subcommittee is composed of thoracic radiologists who endorsed and developed the provided guidance. These recommendations represent a combination of current published evidence and expert opinion and were finalized by informal iterative consensus.

Towards radiologist-level cancer risk assessment in CT lung screening using deep learning.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the US, responsible for more deaths than breast, prostate, colon and pancreas cancer combined and large population studies have indicated that low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening of the chest can significantly reduce this death rate. Recently, the usefulness of Deep Learning (DL) models for lung cancer risk assessment has been demonstrated. However, in many cases model performances are evaluated on small/medium size test sets, thus not providing strong model generalization and stability guarantees which are necessary for clinical adoption.

Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report.

Background: The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials And Methods: An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n = 17), thoracic radiologists (n = 5), and thoracic surgeons (n = 2), was formed.

The audiovestibular manifestations as early symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a scoping review of the literature.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, demyelinating disease of the nervous system, which may impact the audiovestibular pathway at different stages of the disease. The auditory and vestibular manifestations of MS as a presenting or early symptom are an area in which more investigation is needed.

Aims: The aim of this review is to determine the auditory and vestibular symptoms, which may occur at the presenting stage of multiple sclerosis.

Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report.

Background: The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n = 17), thoracic radiologists (n = 5), and thoracic surgeons (n = 2), was formed.

Deep convolutional neural networks in the classification of dual-energy thoracic radiographic views for efficient workflow: analysis on over 6500 clinical radiographs.

DICOM header information is frequently used to classify medical image types; however, if a header is missing fields or contains incorrect data, the utility is limited. To expedite image classification, we trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in two classification tasks for thoracic radiographic views obtained from dual-energy studies: (a) distinguishing between frontal, lateral, soft tissue, and bone images and (b) distinguishing between posteroanterior (PA) or anteroposterior (AP) chest radiographs. CNNs with AlexNet architecture were trained from scratch.

Accuracy of the Vancouver Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model Compared With That of Radiologists.

Background: Risk models have been developed that include the subject's pretest risk profile and imaging findings to predict the risk of cancer in an objective way. We assessed the accuracy of the Vancouver Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Model compared with that of trainee and experienced radiologists using a subset of size-matched nodules from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).

Methods: One hundred cases from the NLST database were selected (size range, 4-20 mm), including 20 proven cancers and 80 size-matched benign nodules.

Correlation of patient survival with clinical tumor measurements in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Objectives: To evaluate differences in the tumor response classifications that result from clinical measurements and to compare these response classifications with overall survival for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

Methods: One hundred thirty-one computed tomography (CT) scans were collected from 41 MPM patients enrolled in a clinical trial. Primary measurements had been acquired by clinical radiologists at a single center during routine clinical workflow, and the variability of these measurements was investigated.

Variable radiological lung nodule evaluation leads to divergent management recommendations.

Radiological evaluation of incidentally detected lung nodules on computed tomography (CT) influences management. We assessed international radiological variation in 1) pulmonary nodule characterisation; 2) hypothetical guideline-derived management; and 3) radiologists' management recommendations.107 radiologists from 25 countries evaluated 69 CT-detected nodules, recording: 1) first-choice composition (solid, part-solid or ground-glass, with percentage confidence); 2) morphological features; 3) dimensions; 4) recommended management; and 5) decision-influencing factors.

Screening for Lung Cancer: Incidental Pulmonary Parenchymal Findings.

Objective: Incidental pulmonary findings are commonly detected at lung cancer screening chest CT. Though most of these findings are clinically insignificant, it is difficult to prospectively determine which are potentially important to clinical care. The purpose of this review is to discuss the incidental pulmonary findings commonly detected at lung cancer screening chest CT.

Recommendations for Measuring Pulmonary Nodules at CT: A Statement from the Fleischner Society.

These recommendations for measuring pulmonary nodules at computed tomography (CT) are a statement from the Fleischner Society and, as such, incorporate the opinions of a multidisciplinary international group of thoracic radiologists, pulmonologists, surgeons, pathologists, and other specialists. The recommendations address nodule size measurements at CT, which is a topic of importance, given that all available guidelines for nodule management are essentially based on nodule size or changes thereof. The recommendations are organized according to practical questions that commonly arise when nodules are measured in routine clinical practice and are, together with their answers, summarized in a table.

CT Findings, Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation, and Imaging Predictors of Survival for Patients With Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the CT findings and patterns of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) and to assess whether imaging can predict survival for patients with IPAF.

Materials And Methods: The study included 136 subjects who met the criteria for IPAF and had diagnostic-quality chest CT scans obtained from 2006 to 2015; a total of 74 of these subjects had pathologic samples available for review within 1 year of chest CT examination. CT findings and the presence of an usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) pattern of disease were assessed, as was the UIP pattern noted on pathologic analysis.

Guidelines for Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017.

The Fleischner Society Guidelines for management of solid nodules were published in 2005, and separate guidelines for subsolid nodules were issued in 2013. Since then, new information has become available; therefore, the guidelines have been revised to reflect current thinking on nodule management. The revised guidelines incorporate several substantive changes that reflect current thinking on the management of small nodules.

Clinical significance of noncalcified lung nodules in patients with breast cancer.

Patients with breast cancer are increasingly likely to have chest computed tomography (CT) performed. In many cases, small lung nodules will be detected, raising concern for metastases and causing considerable patient anxiety. The majority of these nodules, however, are benign, though the specific probability of malignancy is uncertain in any given case.