Identification of novel genetic loci and candidate genes for progressive ethanol consumption in diversity outbred mice.

Mouse behavioral genetic mapping studies can identify genomic intervals modulating complex traits under well-controlled environmental conditions and have been used to study ethanol behaviors to aid in understanding genetic risk and the neurobiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, historically such studies have produced large confidence intervals, thus complicating identification of potential causal candidate genes. Diversity Outbred (DO) mice offer the ability to perform high-resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping on a very genetically diverse background, thus facilitating identification of candidate genes.

The thriving kids and parents schools project: protocol of an incomplete stepped wedged cluster randomised trial evaluating the effectiveness of a Triple P seminar series.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the normality of daily life for many children, their families, and schools, resulting in heightened levels of anxiety, depression, social isolation, and loneliness among young people. An integrated public health model of interventions is needed to address the problem and to safeguard the mental health and wellbeing of children. The Triple P - Positive Parenting Program is one system of parenting support with a strong evidence-base and wide international reach.

Identification of Genetic and Genomic Influences on Progressive Ethanol Consumption in Diversity Outbred Mice.

Genetic factors play a significant role in the risk for development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Using 3-bottle choice intermittent access ethanol (IEA), we have employed the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse panel as a model of alcohol use disorder in a genetically diverse population. Through use of gene expression network analysis techniques, in combination with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, we have completed an extensive analysis of the influence of genetic background on gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).

Immunoglobulin utilization in Canada: a comparative analysis of provincial guidelines and a scoping review of the literature.

Background: Canada has high immunoglobulin (IG) product utilization, raising concerns about appropriate utilization, cost and risk of shortages. Currently, there is no national set of standardized IG guidelines, and considerable variations exist among the existing provincial guidelines. The aims of this study were: (1) to compare the existing Canadian provincial guidelines on the use of IG products to identify their consistencies and differences and (2) to examine the existing research in Canada on IG supply and utilization following the establishment of IG guidelines to understand the scope of research and pinpoint the gaps.

Partial Nephrectomy Drives the Association Between High-volume Centers and Decreased Mortality: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Analysis.

Objective: To better understand the association between high-volume surgical kidney cancer centers and decreased mortality. To identify quality metrics that mediate this association.

Methods: We designed a cohort of 14,044 patients who were diagnosed with kidney cancer between 2004 and 2013 and underwent a partial or radical nephrectomy using SEER-Medicare data.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian national team athletes' mental performance and mental health: The perspectives of mental performance consultants and mental health practitioners.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has led to significant disruptions in the lives of high-performance athletes, including the postponement of the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games, the cancellation of many international and national competitions, and drastic changes in athletes' daily training environment. The purpose of this research was to examine the interplay between the mental health and mental performance of Canadian national team athletes and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these variables from the perspective of mental performance consultants and mental health practitioners. Twelve individuals working in these roles with national team athletes participated in focus groups and interviews during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada.

Cross-modal masked priming of the tritone paradox.

The tritone paradox is a musical illusion consisting of pairs of octave-ambiguous tones that could be heard as ascending or descending in pitch. This study investigated whether perception of the tritone paradox can be unconsciously influenced by a masked visual prime - specifically, a musical notation. In Experiment 1, participants were first given a "neutral" masked prime (an image of an empty music staff) to assess baseline perception.

A Mobile Sensing App to Monitor Youth Mental Health: Observational Pilot Study.

Background: Internalizing disorders are the most common psychiatric problems observed among youth in Canada. Sadly, youth with internalizing disorders often avoid seeking clinical help and rarely receive adequate treatment. Current methods of assessing internalizing disorders usually rely on subjective symptom ratings, but internalizing symptoms are frequently underreported, which creates a barrier to the accurate assessment of these symptoms in youth.

Resident Duty Hour Compliance and Sleep after Transitioning to a Night Float System: A Prospective Observational Study in an Academic Urology Program.

Introduction: Our urology residency program transitioned to a night float system, where dedicated residents cover nights and are off duty during the day. Junior residents previously covered 5 hospitals every 5 to 7 nights and worked the following day (home call). This prospective observational study compared the 2 systems before and after the transition.

Large reduction in opioid prescribing by a multipronged behavioral intervention after major urologic surgery.

Background: Surgeons play a pivotal role in combating the opioid crisis that currently grips the United States. Changing surgeon behavior is difficult, and the degree to which behavioral science can steer surgeons toward decreased opioid prescribing is unclear.

Methods: This was a single-institution, single-arm, pre- and postintervention study examining the prescribing of opioids by urologists for adult patients undergoing prostatectomy or nephrectomy.

Statewide Price Variation for Generic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Medications.

Objective: To examine the geographic and pharmacy-type variation in costs for generic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) medications in order to improve drug price transparency and reduce health disparities. Medical therapy for BPH can be expensive, having significant implications for uninsured and underinsured patients.

Methods: We generated a 20% random sample of all pharmacies in Pennsylvania and queried each for the uninsured cash price of a 30-day prescription of tamsulosin 0.

The increasing role of provincial administrative sanctions in Canadian impaired driving enforcement.

The object of this study is to document the recent shift in Canadian impaired driving enforcement from federal criminal proceedings to provincial administrative sanctions, examine the deterrent impact of these new administrative measures, and review the numerous legal challenges that they have generated. This article highlights the expanded role of provincial administrative license suspensions (ALSs) and vehicle impoundments (AVIs) in Canadian impaired driving enforcement, summarizes the evidence of their deterrent impact, and discusses the implications of the related Canadian case law. Provincial administrative sanctions have been used increasingly, both to supplement and replace federal impaired driving charges.

Life-threatening gross hematuria: case report of renal artery aneurysm.

Renal artery aneurysms can present with gross hematuria and are potentially life-threatening in cases of rupture. We report a case of a young male with no prior genitourinary history who presents to an emergency department with sudden onset gross hematuria, clot retention, and right-sided flank pain. On evaluation, he was found to have a renal artery aneurysm bleeding into his collecting system and underwent renal artery embolization and rapid resolution of his hematuria.

Decrease in Urologic Discharge Opioid Prescribing after Mandatory Query of Statewide Prescription Drug Monitoring Program.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of the introduction of the Pennsylvania Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) on discharge postoperative opioid prescriptions in patients undergoing major urologic procedures within a large single tertiary care hospital. Opioids have historically been prescribed to control postoperative pain, but with growing concern regarding opioid overdose, misuse, and diversion, measures have been introduced to curb opioid prescribing. Numerous states have introduced PDMP programs as a method to search patients' prior opioid prescriptions.

Association Between a Comprehensive Movement Assessment and Metabolically Healthy Overweight Obese Adults.

Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior are associated with metabolic health in overweight and obese individuals. However, the role of comprehensive health-related movement guidelines on PA, recreational screen time, and sleep among Metabolically Healthy Overweight-Obese (MHO) individuals is unknown. We investigated differences in comprehensive movement assessment scores between adults classified as MHO or Non-MHO.

Comparison of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Background: We use observational methods to compare impact of perioperative chemotherapy timing (ie, neoadjuvant and adjuvant) on overall survival (OS) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer because there is no head-to-head randomized trial, and patient factors may influence decision-making.

Patients And Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data, we identified patients receiving cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. Patients were classified as receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.

The Safety and Short-term Outcomes of Leukocyte Depleted Autologous Transfusions During Radical Cystectomy.

Objective: To examine long- and short-term outcomes using cell salvage with a commercially available leukocyte depletion filter following radical cystectomy in an oncologic population.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven patients, 87 of whom received a cell salvage transfusion, were retrospectively identified from chart review. Ninety-day outcomes as well as long-term mortality and cancer recurrence data were collected.

Implications of Cystectomy Travel Distance for Hospital Readmission and Survival.

Background: Regionalization of complex surgical care results in increasing need for patients to travel for complex oncologic procedures such as cystectomy in bladder cancer. We examined the association between travel distance to a cystectomy center, readmission, and survival.

Patients And Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, we identified bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy during 2004-2011.

The development and comparative effectiveness of a patient-centered prostate biopsy report: a prospective, randomized study.

Purpose: The prostate biopsy pathology report represents a critical document used for decision-making in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, yet the content exceeds the health literacy of most patients. We sought to create and compare the effectiveness of a patient-centered prostate biopsy report compared with standard reports.

Materials And Methods: Using a modified Delphi approach, prostate cancer experts identified critical components of a prostate biopsy report.

An integrated knowledge translation approach to develop a shared decision-making strategy for use by Inuit in cancer care: a qualitative study.

Background: In relation to the general Canadian population, Inuit face increased cancer risks and barriers to health services use. In shared decision-making (sdm), health care providers and patients make health care decisions together. Enhanced participation in cancer care decisions is a need for Inuit.

Evaluation of the Risks and Benefits of Computed Tomography Urography for Assessment of Gross Hematuria.

Objective: To model the risk of radiation-induced malignancy from computed tomography urography (CTU) in evaluation of gross hematuria and contrast this with the benefits of urinary tract cancer detection when compared to renal ultrasound.

Methods: A PUBMED-based literature search was performed to identify model inputs. Estimates of radiation-induced malignancy rates were obtained from the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII report with dose extrapolation using the linear no-threshold model.

Trends and appropriateness of perioperative chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Introduction: Contemporary guidelines recommend cystectomy with neoadjuvant or adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy given with curative intent for patients with resectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, rates and appropriateness of perioperative chemotherapy utilization remain unclear. We therefore sought to characterize use of perioperative chemotherapy in older radical cystectomy MIBC patients and examine factors associated with use.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Associated with Increased Medicare Spending in Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.

Background: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) may improve prostate cancer risk stratification and decrease the need for repeat biopsies in men on prostate cancer active surveillance (AS). However, the impact of mpMRI on AS-related healthcare spending has not been established.

Objective: To characterize the impact of mpMRI on AS-related Medicare expenditures.

Increasing Utilization of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance.

Objective: To characterize the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in male Medicare beneficiaries electing active surveillance for prostate cancer. mpMRI has emerged as a tool that may improve risk-stratification and decrease repeated biopsies in men electing active surveillance. However, the extent to which mpMRI has been implemented in active surveillance has not been established.