Travis I. Thompson (1937-2023).

Travis I. Thompson was born on July 20, 1937, in Minneapolis to William and Loretta Thompson. Travis completed his BA (1958), MA (1961), and PhD (1961) degrees all at the University of Minnesota in Psychology, with postdoctoral work at the University of Maryland with Joseph V.

The application of artificial intelligence to accelerate G protein-coupled receptor drug discovery.

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a rapidly expanding area. Artificial intelligence can be used at multiple stages during the drug discovery process, from aiding our understanding of the fundamental actions of GPCRs to the discovery of new ligand-GPCR interactions or the prediction of clinical responses. Here, we provide an overview of the concepts behind artificial intelligence, including the subfields of machine learning and deep learning.

The increasing burden of the 2-week wait colorectal cancer pathway in a single centre: the impact of faecal immunochemical tests.

Introduction: Two-week wait (TWW) volume and colorectal cancer (CRC) detection pose an increasing challenge for NHS cancer services. Primary aims were to assess the introduction of faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) into clinical practice at our centre, the impact on TWW referral volume and CRC diagnoses, and to provide an update to previously published work. A secondary aim was to correlate FIT value and investigation.

Efficacy and accuracy of faecal sampling by a digital rectal examination for faecal immunochemical testing.

Aim: A digital rectal examination (DRE) during routine assessment for patients with abdominal symptoms provides an opportunity to obtain faeces from the glove for faecal immunochemical testing (FIT). Here, we compared sampling via DRE to the standard faecal sampling by patients.

Method: Patients were recruited to a prospective observational cohort study between July 2019 and March 2020.

Patient-reported outcome measures show FIT as an acceptable investigation to rule out colorectal cancer in the two-week wait cohort.

Introduction: Use of faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for symptomatic patients is increasing. FIT is recommended as a triage tool from primary care to the two-week wait (TWW) suspected cancer pathway, but there is still little known about patient attitudes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore patient opinions of FIT and how it might be applied in the TWW pathway.

Replicate and repeat faecal immunochemical tests in symptomatic patients: A systematic review.

Background: Faecal Immunochemical tests (FITs) in the assessment of patients presenting with symptoms have generally used a single sample. Little evidence pertains to the use of replicate, where a number of tests are done prior to decision-making or repeat FIT, where additional FIT are performed following clinical decision-making. Overwhelmingly, research has focussed on FIT to help identify colorectal cancer (CRC).

Comparison of the QuikRead go point-of-care faecal immunochemical test for haemoglobin with the FOB Gold Wide laboratory analyser to diagnose colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients.

Objectives: Faecal immunochemical testing for haemoglobin (FIT) is used to triage patients for colonic investigations. Point-of-care (POC) FIT devices on the market have limited data for their diagnostic accuracy for colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, a POC FIT device is compared with a laboratory-based FIT system using patient collected samples from the urgent referral pathway for suspected CRC.

Determinants of Shielding Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations With Well-being Among National Health Service Patients: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: The UK National Health Service (NHS) classified 2.2 million people as clinically extremely vulnerable (CEV) during the first wave of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, advising them to "shield" (to not leave home for any reason).

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the determinants of shielding behavior and associations with well-being in a large NHS patient population for informing future health policy.

Diagnostic accuracy of point of care faecal immunochemical testing using a portable high-speed quantitative analyser for diagnosis in 2-week wait patients.

Aim: Laboratory-based faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is the gold standard for detecting the presence of blood in the stool. The aim was to perform a diagnostic accuracy study to confirm if a point of care (POC) analyser for FIT could be safely used as an adjunct in the triage and management of 2-week wait (TWW) colorectal patients.

Methods: The Point of Care Faecal Immunochemical Testing (POC FIT) prospective observational cohort study was designed for TWW patients at a regional referral centre.

Assessment of the analytical performance of point-of-care faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin.

Background: The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) detects the presence of haemoglobin (Hb) in faeces. It is used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) and increasingly to triage patients presenting with symptoms of CRC. A number of quantitative point-of-care (POC) FIT systems marketed for professional use and intended for use in a clinical setting are available.

Adoption of faecal immunochemical testing for 2-week-wait colorectal patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational cohort study reporting a new service at a regional centre.

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the near-complete loss of routine endoscopy services. We describe a major reorganization of service at a regional referral centre (Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust) to manage the crisis. Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) was implemented for triage to make optimum use of limited diagnostic resources.

Comparative analysis of self-injurious behaviour topographies in young children with and without developmental delay.

Background: The present study presents post hoc analyses of specific topographies of self-injurious behaviour (SIB) exhibited by young children with developmental delay (DD) and children with typical development (TD). We conducted these analyses to better understand similarities and differences between the groups from a developmental perspective. No previous study has compared the prevalence, severity and co-occurrence of specific topographies of SIB in young children.

The two-week rule colorectal cancer pathway: an update on recent practice, the unsustainable burden on diagnostics and the role of faecal immunochemical testing.

Introduction: Survival for colorectal cancer is improved by earlier detection. Rapid assessment and diagnostic demand have created a surge in two-week rule referrals and have subsequently placed a greater burden on endoscopy services. Between 2009 and 2014, a mean of 709 patients annually were referred to Royal Surrey County Hospital with a detection rate of 53 cancers per year giving a positive predictive value for these patients of 7.

"My Voice Counts, Too": Voting Participation Among Individuals With Intellectual Disability.

Despite a strong societal commitment to ensuring that individuals with intellectual disability (ID) fully participate in their communities, few people with ID vote. Little is known about voting experiences from the perspective of people with ID. In-person, semistructured interviews were conducted with 28 adults with ID (Mage = 37 years) to obtain their input on voting.

A Direct Comparison of Self-Injurious and Stereotyped Motor Behavior Between Preschool-Aged Children With and Without Developmental Delays.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) and stereotyped motor behavior (STY) of preschool-aged children with developmental delays (DD group) and their peers without developmental delays (TD group) using a standardized caregiver report scale.

Methods: The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised was completed by caregivers of children with developmental delays and their peers without developmental delays. Frequency of occurrence and severity ratings for SIB and STY were compared between groups.

A practical approach to classifying and managing feeding difficulties.

Many young children are thought by their parents to eat poorly. Although the majority of these children are mildly affected, a small percentage have a serious feeding disorder. Nevertheless, even mildly affected children whose anxious parents adopt inappropriate feeding practices may experience consequences.

Neuropsychological functioning of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of whole brain radiation therapy.

Objectives: To provide one of the first prospective reports examining neuropsychological outcomes for children treated with 1800 cGy whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and prophylactic chemotherapy versus prophylactic chemotherapy alone for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Acute and long-term neuropsychological toxicities associated with WBRT are compared.

Methods: This multisite study included 188 children, ages 4-21 years at enrollment, who were assessed with standardized neuropsychological tests at 9, 21, and 48 months after diagnosis with intermediate risk ALL.

Large gallstone impaction at a Meckel's diverticulum causing perforation and localized peritonitis: report of a case.

We are reporting a successful laparoscopic resection of a perforated Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) causing localized peritonitis due to an impacted gallstone. MD is a small benign pouch on the wall of the small intestine that is present in ∼2% of the population. It results from a failure of complete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct.

Assessment of the prerequisite skills for cognitive behavioral therapy in children with and without autism spectrum disorders.

The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive skills of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) thought to be necessary for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Forty children with ASD and forty age-matched typically developing children between the ages of 7-12 years participated. Groups were comparable with regard to nonverbal IQ, but children with ASD had significantly lower verbal IQ.

Self-injury among a community cohort of young children at risk for intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Objective: To identify risk factors for self-injurious behavior in young children with developmental delay and to determine whether that group is also more likely to exhibit other challenging behaviors.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review of 196 children < 6 years of age referred for comprehensive neurodevelopmental evaluations. We analyzed child developmental level, receptive and expressive communication level, mobility, visual and auditory impairment, and co-morbid diagnoses of cerebral palsy, seizure disorders, and autism.

Stressful social interactions experienced by adults with mild intellectual disability.

Adults with intellectual disability are vulnerable to stressful social interactions. We determined frequency and severity of various stressful social interactions, identified the social partners in these interactions, and examined the specific interpersonal skill difficulties of 114 adults with mild intellectual disability. Participants' characteristic risk factors for stressful social interactions were also identified.

Depression in adults with mild intellectual disability: role of stress, attributions, and coping.

The experience of stressful social interactions, negative causal attributions, and the use of maladaptive coping efforts help maintain depression over time in the general population. We investigated whether a similar experience occurs among adults with mild intellectual disability. We compared the frequency and stress impact of such interactions, identified causal attributions for these interactions, and determined the coping strategies of 47 depressed and 47 nondepressed adults with mild intellectual disability matched on subject characteristics.

Reassurance seeking and depression in adults with mild intellectual disability.

Background: Adults with intellectual disability (ID) experience a high prevalence of depression. Yet, little research has investigated interpersonal processes related to depression in this population. In the general population, depressed persons behave in ways that elicit negative and rejecting reactions from others.