Diet quality, Self-efficacy and Health Literacy in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: Adherence to high quality dietary patterns is associated with lower risk of disease progression and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Self-efficacy and health literacy are recognised as factors that may lead to better adherence to high quality diets. However, these associations are not well studied in CKD.

Carbohydrate Ingestion before Exercise for Individuals with McArdle Disease: Survey Evidence of Implementation and Perception in Real-World Settings.

In individuals with McArdle disease (IWMD), the ingestion of carbohydrates before exercise has previously been shown in laboratory studies to significantly decrease the exercising symptoms of the condition and increase exercise tolerance during the early stages of exercise. As a result, carbohydrate ingestion pre-exercise is currently included in management guidelines, and often advised by medical professionals treating the condition. The aim of the current study was to determine whether positive lab-based results for the ingestion of carbohydrate before exercise in laboratory studies are being effectively translated into practice and produce perceptions of the same positive outcomes in real-world settings (RWS).

Improving multidisciplinary management of patients living with obesity: The evaluation of seated bioimpedance measures and relationship to functional performance following targeted intervention.

Management of obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach including physical activity interventions, which have significant impacts on overall health outcomes. Greater levels of lean muscle mass are significantly associated with improved health and reduced risk of comorbidities and should be preserved where possible when undertaking rapid weight loss. This article reports on the physical and functional outcomes achieved during a 12-week intensive multidisciplinary intervention targeting obesity and evaluates correlations between body composition and functional outcomes.

Re-Thinking Hyperkalaemia Management in Chronic Kidney Disease-Beyond Food Tables and Nutrition Myths: An Evidence-Based Practice Review.

Potassium dysregulation can be life-threatening. Dietary potassium modification is a management strategy for hyperkalaemia. However, a 2017 review for clinical guidelines found no trials evaluating dietary restriction for managing hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Associations between healthy food groups and platelet-activating factor, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A and C-reactive protein: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between pro-inflammatory markers platelet-activating factor (PAF), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A (Lp-PLA), hsCRP, and intake of core food groups including fruit, cruciferous and other vegetables, grains, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, nuts and legumes, and dairy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 adults (49 ± 13 years, 31% male) with variable cardiovascular disease risk were recruited.

Queensland Inpatient Diabetes Survey (QuIDS): patient experience survey evaluation.

Background: Measurement of inpatient experience can allow for treatment tailored to patient preferences and needs. The patient experience of diabetes care has not been explored in Queensland hospitals.

Aims: To investigate the experiences of patients with diabetes when hospitalised using the Queensland Inpatient Diabetes Survey (QuIDS).

Acceptability, Adherence, Safety and Experiences of Low Energy Diets in People With Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mixed Methods Study.

Objectives: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Low energy diets (LEDs) have not been adequately studied in people with CKD. This study aimed to explore acceptability, adherence, safety, and experiences of two LED prescriptions in adults living with obesity and CKD.

Associations between diet composition, dietary pattern, and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review.

Introduction: Literature describing the impact of dietary intake on weight outcomes after bariatric surgery has not been synthesized. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding any association between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery.

Methods: CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for adult studies up to June 2021 that assessed any association between dietary intakes (≥1-macronutrient, food group, or dietary pattern) and weight outcomes at 12-months or longer after bariatric surgery.

Use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols in acute care: A scoping review of literature and retrospective audit of practice.

Aim: Standardised enteral nutrition protocols are recommended in critical care, however their use and safety are not well described in other inpatient populations. This mixed methods study reports on the use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols for non-critically ill adults.

Methods: A scoping review of published literature was conducted.

Creatinine index: a retrospective cohort study in an urban Australian dialysis context.

Aim: This study aimed to described the relationship between the CI and mortality in an Australian context.

Introduction: Maintenance haemodialysis is a catabolic state associated with a significant decrease in lean body mass (LBM) and protein energy wasting. LBM can be derived or estimated from creatinine kinetic modelling, specifically the creatinine index (CI).

Effectiveness of diet quality indices in measuring a change in diet quality over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Context: Diet quality indices (DQIs) were developed to score and rank adherence to dietary patterns in observational studies, but their use to measure changes in diet quality in intervention trials is becoming common in the literature.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of DQIs to measure change in diet quality in intervention trials.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from January 1994 to June 2020.

Quality and validity of diet quality indices for use in Australian contexts: a systematic review.

Diet quality indices (DQIs) are tools used to evaluate the overall diet quality against dietary guidelines or known healthy dietary patterns. This review aimed to evaluate DQIs and their validation processes to facilitate decision making in the selection of appropriate DQI for use in Australian contexts. A search of CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus electronic databases was conducted for studies published between January 2010 and May 2020, which validated a DQI, measuring > 1 dimension of diet quality (adequacy, balance, moderation, variety) and was applicable to the Australian context.

Nutrition in Kidney Disease: Core Curriculum 2022.

As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the requirements and utilization of different nutrients change substantially. These changes are accompanied by multiple nutritional and metabolic abnormalities that are observed in the continuum of kidney disease. To provide optimal care to patients with CKD, it is essential to have an understanding of the applicable nutritional principles: methods to assess nutritional status, establish patient-specific dietary needs, and prevent or treat potential or ongoing nutritional deficiencies and derangements.

Standardised Outcome Reporting for the Nutrition Management of Complex Chronic Disease: A Rapid Review.

Individuals with coexisting chronic diseases or with complex chronic disease are among the most challenging and costly patients to treat, placing a growing demand on healthcare systems. Recommending effective treatments, including nutrition interventions, relies on standardised outcome reporting from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to enable data synthesis. This rapid review sought to determine how the scope and consistency of the outcomes reported by RCTs investigating nutrition interventions for the management of complex chronic disease compared to what is recommended by the core outcome sets (COS) for individual disease states.

Evaluation of patient experience post structured education for diabetes self management (Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating-OzDAFNE).

Aims: To examine OzDAFNE participant feedback to determine if OzDAFNE results in positive participant reported outcomes and experiences, improves quality of life; and to identify areas for improvement.

Methods: Quantitative and qualitative evaluations of participants' experience were undertaken prior to, and at the end of, every OzDAFNE program from 2010 to 2019. Evaluations included Likert scale and open-ended questions.

Heart Rate Variability and Long Chain -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Low heart rate variability (HRV) is independently associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all cardiac death in haemodialysis patients. Long chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC -3 PUFA) may exert anti-arrhythmic effects. This study aimed to investigate relationships between dialysis, sleep and 24 h HRV and LC -3 PUFA status in patients who have recently commenced haemodialysis.

Body mass index and chronic kidney disease outcomes after acute kidney injury: a prospective matched cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and obesity are independent risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to determine if obesity modifies risk for CKD outcomes after AKI.

Methods: This prospective multisite cohort study followed adult survivors after hospitalization, with or without AKI.

Interventions for weight loss in people with chronic kidney disease who are overweight or obese.

Background: Obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent worldwide and result in substantial health care costs. Obesity is a predictor of incident CKD and progression to kidney failure. Whether weight loss interventions are safe and effective to impact on disease progression and clinical outcomes, such as death remains unclear.

Dietary interventions with dietitian involvement in adults with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review.

Background: A comprehensive evidence base is needed to support recommendations for the dietetic management of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of dietary interventions with dietitian involvement on nutritional status, well-being, kidney risk factors and clinical outcomes in adults with CKD.

Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE.

Glycemic Response to a Renal-Specific Oral Nutritional Supplement in Patients With Diabetes Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Diabetes and malnutrition are common in patients with kidney failure. We aimed to evaluate the postprandial glucose response to oral nutritional supplement drinks (ONSs) in patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis treatment.

Methods: A randomized, single-blind crossover study was conducted in patients with diabetes, and requiring chronic hemodialysis.

Obesity as a barrier to kidney transplantation: Time to eliminate the body weight bias?

There is clear evidence that survival rates following transplantation far exceed those for remaining on dialysis, regardless of body size measured by body mass index (BMI). Studies over the past 15 years also suggest little to no difference in long-term outcomes, including graft survival and mortality, irrespective of BMI, in contrast to earlier evidence. However, weight bias still exists, as access to kidney transplantation remains inequitable in centers using arbitrary BMI limits.