Assessing and addressing social determinants of health in school-based health centers in King County, Washington.

Objective: School-Based Health Centers (SBHCs) can reduce barriers to accessing care for school-aged children and adolescents. However, current practices related to screening for and responding to social determinants of health (SDOH) in SBHCs are unknown. Our study sought to understand SBHC staff's knowledge related to SDOH, and their screening and referral practices for addressing SDOH.

Tom20 gates PINK1 activity and mediates its tethering of the TOM and TIM23 translocases upon mitochondrial stress.

Mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) cause autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). PINK1 is a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates mitochondrial quality control by triggering mitophagy mediated by the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Parkin. Upon mitochondrial damage, PINK1 accumulates on the outer mitochondrial membrane forming a high-molecular-weight complex with the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM).

Structural basis for feedforward control in the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

PINK1 and parkin constitute a mitochondrial quality control system mutated in Parkinson's disease. PINK1, a kinase, phosphorylates ubiquitin to recruit parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to mitochondria. PINK1 controls both parkin localization and activity through phosphorylation of both ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain of parkin.

Predicting depression in dementia caregivers: do religious/spiritual struggles play a role?

Objectives: Using a stress process framework model, the goal of this study was to address the current gap in our understanding of the prevalence and predictive power of specific types of religious/spiritual struggles for mental health outcomes in informal dementia caregivers.

Method: A convenience sample of 156 informal dementia caregivers completed a scale measuring six domains of religious/spiritual struggles, as well as other measures of primary stressors, background/contextual variables, and mental health outcome (depression).

Results: Overall levels of religious/spiritual struggle were low, but 26 percent of the sample were classified as possible cases of clinically significant religious/spiritual struggle for at least one of the six domains.

An exploration of Canadian transitional care programs for older adults.

Transitional care programs are effective for improving patient outcomes upon discharge from acute care services and reducing the burden of healthcare costs; however, little is known about the types of transitional care programs for older adults across Canada. This exploratory study gathered an in-depth understanding of Canadian transitional care programs and described how each program functions to support older adults and family/friend caregivers. Nine key informants were interviewed about the development of transitional care programs within four Canadian provincial regions including Atlantic, Central, Prairie, and West Coast.

The relation of neuroticism and social anxiety to willingness to volunteer.

Relations between neuroticism, social anxiety, and generic and specific willingness to volunteer were examined among psychology undergraduates ( = 196). Based on previous research and speculation, with each of the willingness to volunteer criteria, and either without or with statistical control for age, sex, and international student status, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) Neuroticism negatively correlates with willingness to volunteer; (2) Social anxiety negatively correlates with willingness to volunteer; (3) Controlling for social anxiety substantially reduces or eliminates the relation between neuroticism and willingness to volunteer; and (4) Controlling for neuroticism does not substantially reduce or eliminate the relation between social anxiety and willingness to volunteer. For generic willingness to volunteer, Hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported with but not without the three demographic controls.

Beyond ER: Regulating TOM-Complex-Mediated Import by Ubx2.

Despite the progress in understanding the molecular responses to mitochondrial damage, responses to aberrant accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins and mitochondrial import defects remain poorly understood. Recent work (Mårtensson et al., Nature, 2019) has unveiled a pathway similar to endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) in fine-tuning the fidelity of translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex-mediated mitochondrial import.

Pleiotropic effects for Parkin and LRRK2 in leprosy type-1 reactions and Parkinson's disease.

Type-1 reactions (T1R) are pathological inflammatory episodes and main contributors to nerve damage in leprosy. Here, we evaluate the genewise enrichment of rare protein-altering variants in 7 genes where common variants were previously associated with T1R. We selected 474 Vietnamese leprosy patients of which 237 were T1R-affected and 237 were T1R-free matched controls.

The landscape of Parkin variants reveals pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease.

Mutations in Parkin (PARK2), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in mitophagy, are the most common cause of early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Hundreds of naturally occurring Parkin variants have been reported, both in Parkinson's disease (PD) patient and population databases. However, the effects of the majority of these variants on the function of Parkin and in PD pathogenesis remain unknown.

Adolescent psychopathy, heart rate, and skin conductance.

Researchers have advocated for a greater focus on measuring neurobiological underpinnings of serious psychological conditions such as psychopathy. This has become particularly important to investigate early in the life span, when intervention efforts for psychopathy-related behavior like conduct disorder (CD) are more successful. Given that psychopathy is a complex syndrome, it is also important to investigate physiological processes at a dimensional level.

A comparison of drug substance predicted chemical stability with ICH compliant stability studies.

Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of predictive stability studies to the degradation of drug substances.

Significance: The use of predicted stability studies during pharmaceutical development and in regulatory submissions is increasing, particularly in early phase to support an initial retest period/shelf life claim in the absence of standard stability data. These studies offer an alternative to standard stability testing and can facilitate clinical trials to be started earlier and medicines to reach patients faster.

Validity of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version in Justice-Involved and At-Risk Adolescents.

The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S) in two different samples of at-risk adolescents enrolled in a residential program ( n = 160) and at a detention facility ( n = 60) in the United States. YPI-S scores displayed adequate internal consistency and were moderately associated with concurrent scales on other self-report psychopathy measures and externalizing behaviors. YPI-S scores were moderately related to interviewer-ratings of the construct using the four-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version.

The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F): Factorial Validity and Reliability in a U.S. Sample.

Context: Death anxiety has been hypothesized to be a transdiagnostic construct, meaning that the fear of death may increase one's vulnerability to the development or maintenance of a number of psychological disorders. As such, effective and efficient measurement of this construct becomes a priority for hospice and palliative medicine specialists. The Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F) is the only factor-analytically constructed multidimensional scale with a conceptual rationale that measures both the fear and acceptance of dying and death.

Timing of Newborn Pulse Oximetry Screenings for Critical Congenital Heart Defects Before Discharge.

Objective: To determine if there would be positive results from a second pulse oximetry screening (POS) completed for newborns at discharge at 28 to 48 hours of age in addition to the newborn POS completed at 24 to 25 hours of age.

Design: Prospective descriptive research study.

Setting: Rural, mid-Atlantic, 13-bed, level I hospital.

Promoting Policy, Systems, and Environment Change to Prevent Chronic Disease: Lessons Learned From the King County Communities Putting Prevention to Work Initiative.

Context: Initiatives that convene community stakeholders to implement policy, systems, environment, and infrastructure (PSEI) change have become a standard approach for promoting community health.

Objective: To assess the PSEI changes brought about by the King County, Washington, Communities Putting Prevention to Work initiative and describe how initiative structures and processes contributed to making changes.

Design: The impact evaluation used a logic model design, linking PSEI changes to longer-term behavioral impacts in healthy eating active living and tobacco use and exposure.

Developing local board of health guidelines to promote healthy food access - King County, Washington, 2010-2012.

Policies that change environments are important tools for preventing chronic diseases, including obesity. Boards of health often have authority to adopt such policies, but few do so. This study assesses 1) how one local board of health developed a policy approach for healthy food access through vending machine guidelines (rather than regulations) and 2) the impact of the approach.

Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Parkinson Disease Without Dementia: A Preliminary Study.

Little is known about the subjective cognitive complaints of individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Such complaints have become a topic of interest recently as they play a role in the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine whether a sample of nondemented individuals with PD reported significantly more difficulties with multiple elements of cognition than a control sample and to assess the relation between their ratings and demographics, motor symptom severity, neuropsychological test performance, and measures of depression and anxiety.

The brief cognitive assessment tool (BCAT): cross-validation in a community dwelling older adult sample.

Background: Cognitive impairment is underrecognized and misdiagnosed among community-dwelling older adults. At present, there is no consensus about which cognitive screening tool represents the "gold standard." However, one tool that shows promise is the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT), which was originally validated in an assisted living sample and contains a multi-level memory component (e.

Examining the factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale: is the two-factor model the best fitting model?

The Levenson, Kiehl, and Fitzpatrick (1995) Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) was introduced in the mid-1990s as a brief measure of psychopathy and has since gained considerable popularity. Despite its attractiveness as a brief psychopathy tool, the LSRP has received limited research regarding its factor structure and convergent and discriminant validity. The present study examined the construct validity of the LSRP, testing both its factor structure and the convergent and discriminant validity.

Preliminary investigation of the Kitchen Picture Test (KPT): a new screening test of practical judgment for older adults.

Judgment is widely recognized as an important executive function, and deficits in judgment can lead to health risks, safety concerns, and hospitalizations. Surprisingly, relatively few tests of judgment have been developed specifically for older adults--a population particularly vulnerable to executive and functional declines. The Kitchen Picture Test (KPT) is a new screening measure of practical judgment.

The Judgment Test of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB): psychometric considerations in an assisted-living sample.

A total of 82 older adults recruited from assisted-living facilities completed the Judgment subtest of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. The internal consistency reliability of Judgment scores in this sample, as estimated by Cronbach's α, was .83.

Development and validation of the short form of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT-SF).

This article describes the development and validation of a short form of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT), the BCAT-SF. Frontline providers and many specialists report having little time to assess cognitive functioning, despite recognizing the utility of doing so. Many of the screening tools now available are judged to require too much time to administer.