Defective colour vision can impede information acquisition from redundantly colour-coded video displays.

Earlier findings showed that redundant colour coding decreased response times and reduced errors in carrying out various tasks that required information acquisition from the video display of an electronic flight instrument system. The results of this experiment showed that observers with defective colour vision have slower response times and higher error rates than normal observers for some of the tasks and that their performance is similar to that of colour-normal observers for a monochrome display. However, they were not disadvantaged when blue was used to colour code the target feature.

Breast cancer. Experiences with conservation therapy.

A series of 1,504 patients with clinically node-negative carcinoma of the breast treated by breast conservation has been followed for 26 years. The majority did not have an axillary dissection. A relative survival of 84% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years compares favorably with reported survival rates for radical surgery.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plates versus stainless steel dynamic compression plates in the treatment of fractures of the tibiae in dogs.

In a series of 14 dogs, fractures of both tibiae were caused by a "bone-breaker" designed in the authors' department and observed to produce a consistent and realistic canine fracture. One tibia was plated with a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) plate and the other with a dynamic compression (DC) plate. Roentgenographic examination demonstrated healing of the CFRP-plated tibiae with abundant callus, and almost total remodeling of the fracture callus between ten and 20 weeks.

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and/or gastric cardia.

One hundred twenty-nine adenocarcinomas involving the esophagus and/or gastric cardia differed significantly from 212 cancers of the rest of the stomach as follows: male-female ratio, 6:1 versus 2:1, birth outside Canada, US or UK, 12% versus 34%; parent or sibling with gastric cancer, 5% versus 13%; previous duodenal ulcer, 23% versus 9%; chronic reflux symptoms, 25% versus 3%; hiatal hernia, 51% versus 11%. Of the 129 esophagocardia cancers, 24 involved the esophagus alone, 48 the cardia and esophagus, 33 the cardia alone or cardia and fundus, and 24 the upper stomach and lower esophagus extensively. Thirty-four were associated with Barrett's esophagus.

Designing an implant by CT scanning and solid modelling. Arthrodesis of the shoulder after excision of the upper humerus.

Techniques are described by which metal implants can be designed and produced to fit precisely a bony site at a subsequent operation. CT scans and solid modelling were used to produce an accurate three-dimensional representation of the surface of the bone. These techniques were applied to the production of an internal fixation device for shoulder arthrodesis after the resection of a neoplasm of the proximal humerus.

Nature of extrasynaptosomal accumulation of endogenous adenosine evoked by K+ and veratridine.

When rat brain synaptosomes were incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C, basal accumulation of adenosine in the medium was 66 pmol/mg of protein. An elevated K+ level (24 mM) evoked an additional accumulation of 200 pmol/mg of protein, and 50 microM veratridine evoked 583 pmol of adenosine accumulation/mg of protein. K+- and veratridine-evoked accumulation of adenosine did not arise from microsomal or mitochondrial contaminants of the synaptosomal preparation, because purified microsomes and mitochondria did not exhibit evoked accumulation of adenosine in the medium.

5-FU infusion in advanced colorectal cancer: a comparison of three dose schedules.

Ninety-four patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma were treated by continuous iv 5-FU infusion on three different dose schedules. Thirty-three patients received a 72-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours) every 3 weeks (Group A); 31 received a 72-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours) every 2 weeks (Group B); and 30 received a 48-hour infusion of 5-FU (30 mg/kg/24 hours) every week (Group C). Although this was a sequential nonrandomized study of the dose schedules, the groups were comparable with respect to various prognostic factors.