Background: Cladribine tablets are contraindicated during pregnancy; therefore, safety data on pregnancies exposed to this treatment are limited. CLEAR collects and describes pregnancy outcomes in this understudied population.
Objectives: To describe the main features of the CLEAR study design, including the data sources and the methodological approach, and provide a status update.
Background: Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) have an overall survival of over 90%; however, patients harboring a BRAF alteration may have worse outcomes, particularly when treated with classic chemotherapy. Combined BRAF/MEK inhibition following incomplete resection demonstrated improved outcome in BRAF altered pLGG compared to combined carboplatin/vincristine chemotherapy and is now considered the standard FDA-approved treatment for this group of tumors. The aim herein was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of single agent BRAF inhibitor treatment in BRAF altered pLGG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntisolvent treatment is used in the fabrication of perovskite films to control grain growth during spin coating. We study widely incorporated aromatic hydrocarbons and aprotic ethers, discussing the origin of their performance differences in 2D/3D Sn perovskite (PEAFASnI) solar cells. Among the antisolvents that we screen, diisopropyl ether yields the highest power conversion efficiency in solar cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe blood-brain barrier, essential for protecting the central nervous system, also restricts drug delivery to this region. Thus, delivering drugs across the blood-brain barrier is an active research area in immunology, oncology, and neurology; moreover, novel methods are urgently needed to expand therapeutic options for central nervous system pathologies. While previous strategies have focused on small molecules that modulate blood-brain barrier permeability or penetrate the barrier, there is an increased focus on biomedical devices-external or implanted-for improving drug delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerovskite-organic tandem solar cells (P-O-TSCs) hold substantial potential to surpass the theoretical efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. However, their performance is hampered by non-ideal interconnection layers (ICLs). Especially in n-i-p configurations, the incorporation of metal nanoparticles negatively introduces serious parasitic absorption, which alleviates photon utilization in organic rear cell and decisively constrains the maximum photocurrent matching with front cell.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: The Standard care vs. Celecoxib Outcome Trial (SCOT) found similar risk of cardiovascular events with traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the cyclooxygenase-2-selective drug celecoxib. While pre-clinical work has suggested roles for vascular and renal dysfunction in NSAID cardiovascular toxicity, our understanding of these mechanisms remains incomplete.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: As researchers and practitioners in the field of global health continue to acknowledge the ongoing impact of colonialism in their work, the call for decolonized research has increased. This has particular relevance in the field of sexual and reproductive health. Despite this recognized need, there is no singularly agreed upon definition of what it means to conduct decolonized research using decolonized methodologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-recognized complication in pediatric cancer patients. We aimed to determine the frequency of central venous catheter (CVC) removal and survival impact of children with cancer who develop VTE. After ethics approval, a retrospective population-based study of cancer patients less than 21 years between 2005 and 2020, in the Maritime Provinces Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
September 2024
Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) are becoming increasingly popular. Digital clinical trial platforms are software environments where users complete designated clinical trial tasks, providing investigators and trial participants with efficient tools to support trial activities and streamline trial processes. In particular, digital platforms with a modular architecture lend themselves to DCTs, where individual trial activities can correspond to specific platform modules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkeletal muscle has a unique ability to remodel in response to stimuli such as contraction and aerobic exercise training. Phenotypic changes in muscle that occur with training such as a switch to a more oxidative fiber type, and increased capillary density contribute to the well-known health benefits of aerobic exercise. The muscle matrisome likely plays an important role in muscle remodeling with exercise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2024
Since the advent of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite photovoltaics (PVs), significant performance enhancements have been achieved. However, a critical challenge persists: the propensity for void formation in the perovskite film at the buried perovskite-interlayer interface has a deleterious effect on device performance. With most emerging perovskite PVs adopting the p-i-n architecture, the specific challenge lies at the perovskite-hole transport layer (HTL) interface, with previous strategies to overcome this limitation being limited to specific perovskite-HTL combinations; thus, the lack of universal approaches represents a bottleneck.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: UMOD (uromodulin) has been linked to hypertension through potential activation of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), a target of loop diuretics. We posited that hypertensive patients carrying the rs13333226-AA genotype would demonstrate greater blood pressure responses to loop diuretics, potentially mediated by this UMOD/NKCC2 interaction.
Methods: This prospective, multicenter, genotype-blinded trial evaluated torasemide (torsemide) efficacy on systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction over 16 weeks in nondiabetic, hypertensive participants uncontrolled on ≥1 nondiuretic antihypertensive for >3 months.
Metabolomics is the study of small molecules (metabolites), within cells, tissues and biofluids. Maternal metabolites can provide important insight into the health and development of both mother and fetus throughout pregnancy. This study assessed metabolic profiles in the maternal circulation prior to and at the time of diagnosis of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe tumor microenvironment (TME) of medulloblastoma (MB) influences progression and therapy response, presenting a promising target for therapeutic advances. Prior single-cell analyses have characterized the cellular components of the TME but lack spatial context. To address this, we performed spatial transcriptomic sequencing on sixteen pediatric MB samples obtained at diagnosis, including two matched diagnosis-relapse pairs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The Children's Oncology Group defines intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma as unresected FOXO1 fusion-negative disease arising at an unfavourable site or non-metastatic FOXO1 fusion-positive disease. Temsirolimus in combination with chemotherapy has shown promising activity in patients with relapsed or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma. We aimed to compare event-free survival in patients with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma treated with vincristine, actinomycin, and cyclophosphamide alternating with vincristine and irinotecan (VAC/VI) combined with temsirolimus followed by maintenance therapy versus VAC/VI alone with maintenance therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRenalase (Rnls), annotated as an oxidase enzyme, is a GWAS gene associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) risk. We previously discovered that Rnls inhibition delays diabetes onset in mouse models of T1D , and protects pancreatic β cells against autoimmune killing, ER and oxidative stress . The molecular biochemistry and functions of Rnls are entirely uncharted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Timing drug administration to endogenous circadian rhythms may enhance treatment efficacy. In the Chronotype sub-study of the Treatment in Morning versus Evening (TIME) clinical trial we examined whether timing of usual antihypertensive medications according to patient chronotype (a behavioural marker of personal circadian rhythm) may influence clinical cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods: This was a cohort sub-study of TIME, a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint, UK clinical trial of morning versus evening dosing of usual antihypertensive medications and cardiovascular outcomes.
Introduction: Globally, a shift is occurring to recognize the importance of young peoples' health and well-being, their unique health challenges, and the potential they hold as key drivers of change in their communities. In Haiti, one of the four leading causes of death for those 20-24 years old is pregnancy, childbirth, and the weeks after birth or at the end of a pregnancy. Important gaps remain in existing knowledge about youth perspectives of maternal health and well-being within their communities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiffuse midline gliomas are among the deadliest human cancers and have had little progress in treatment in the last 50 years. Cell cultures of these tumors have been developed recently, but the degree to which such cultures retain the characteristics of the source tumors is unknown. DNA methylation profiling offers a powerful tool to look at genome-wide epigenetic changes that are biologically meaningful and can help assess the similarity of cultured tumor cells to their in vivo progenitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys
September 2024
Introduction: From the advancement of treatment of pediatric cancer diagnosis, the five-year survival rate has increased significantly. However, the adverse consequence of improved survival rate is the second malignant neoplasm. Although previous studies provided information on the incidence and risk of SMN in long term survivors of childhood cancer, there is still scarce information known for short term (< 5 years) prognosis.
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