Identification of Salivary Metabolic Signatures Associated with Primary Sjögren's Disease.

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent autoimmune disorder that involves chronic inflammation of exocrine glands. Correct diagnosis of primary SjD (pSjD) can span over many years since disease symptoms manifest only in advanced stages of salivary and lachrymal glandular destruction, and consensus diagnostic methods have critical sensitivity and selectivity limitations. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determined the composition of metabolites in unstimulated saliva samples from 30 pSjD subjects and 30 participants who do not have Sjögren's disease (non-Sjögren's control group, NS-C).

Safety and effectiveness of a two-step dentifrice/gel sequence with medication-associated hyposalivation: A randomized controlled trial in a vulnerable population.

Purpose: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a two-step dentifrice/gel oral hygiene sequence in a vulnerable population.

Methods: Prior to the research, institutional review was obtained for the protocol, consent and advertising. The study targeted adults with medication-associated xerostomia, because of the plaque accumulation and possible oral safety risks seen in this population.

A randomized controlled study to evaluate an experimental moisturizing mouthwash formulation in participants experiencing dry mouth symptoms.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an experimental moisturizing mouthwash versus water only in participants experiencing dry mouth symptoms, including those with Sjögren syndrome (n = 28).

Study Design: Participants were randomized to the experimental mouthwash group (n = 53) or the water-only group (n = 47). For 8 days, the mouthwash group used 1 to 2 doses/day at home; both groups could sip water, as needed.

Management of dry mouth: assessment of oral symptoms after use of a polysaccharide-based oral rinse.

Objective: Salivary dysfunction is associated with a range of oral/dental issues, and management of oral symptoms may improve oral function and overall quality of life. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate oral symptoms and function in a xerostomic population after use of a proprietary topical for dry mouth, Moisyn (Synedgen Inc., Claremont, CA), which is a polysaccharide-based product.

Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Use of Two Different Oxalate Products in Adults with Recession-Associated Dentin Hypersensitivity.

A randomized positively controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the durable effects of 1.5% oxalate strips on dentin hypersensitivity. Informed consent and baseline measurements were obtained from adults with recession and air-related dentin hypersensitivity.

Clinical practice guidelines for oral management of Sjögren disease: Dental caries prevention.

Background: Salivary dysfunction in Sjögren disease can lead to serious and costly oral health complications. Clinical practice guidelines for caries prevention in Sjögren disease were developed to improve quality and consistency of care.

Methods: A national panel of experts devised clinical questions in a Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes format and included use of fluoride, salivary stimulants, antimicrobial agents, and nonfluoride remineralizing agents.

Oral implications of polypharmacy in the elderly.

One of the major side effects of medications prescribed to elderly patients is the qualitative and quantitative alteration of saliva (salivary hypofunction). Saliva plays a pivotal role in the homeostasis of the oral cavity because of its protective and functional properties, including facilitating speech, swallowing, enhancing taste, buffering and neutralizing intrinsic and extrinsic acid, remineralizing teeth, maintaining the oral mucosal health, preventing overgrowth of noxious microorganisms, and xerostomia. With salivary hypofunction, a plethora of complications arise, resulting in decreased quality of life.

Predictors of coronal caries progression in adults: results from the Prevention of Adult Caries Study.

Objectives: This secondary analysis of data from the Prevention of Adult Caries Study (PACS) assesses risk factors for progression of coronal caries.

Methods: Participants (n = 983) were adults at increased caries risk with at least one cavitated and one noncavitated lesions who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to test the effect of a 10% w/v chlorhexidine varnish coating on caries progression. Calibrated examiners scored tooth surfaces using a modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) classification at baseline and at 7 and 13 months postrandomization.

Discovery of putative salivary biomarkers for Sjögren's syndrome using high resolution mass spectrometry and bioinformatics.

The purpose of the current study was to determine if saliva contains biomarkers that can be used as diagnostic tools for Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). Twenty seven SjS patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls were recruited for these studies. Unstimulated glandular saliva was collected from the Wharton's duct using a suction device.

Examiner training and reliability in two randomized clinical trials of adult dental caries.

Objectives: This report describes the training of dental examiners participating in two dental caries clinical trials and reports the inter- and intra-examiner reliability scores from the initial standardization sessions.

Methods: Study examiners were trained to use a modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System II system to detect the visual signs of non-cavitated and cavitated dental caries in adult subjects. Dental caries was classified as no caries (S), non-cavitated caries (D1), enamel caries (D2), and dentine caries (D3).

Long-term clinical observation of dental caries in salivary hypofunction patients using a supersaturated calcium-phosphate remineralizing rinse.

Objective: One therapeutic approach to the management of xerostomia and its related oral sequelae is the use of a supersaturated Ca2+/PO4(3-) rinse in conjunction with fluoride. This study evaluated the use of the supersaturated rinse in high-risk patients from a single dental clinic.

Methods: Patients (n = 134) at high risk for caries due to xerostomia were prescribed the calcium phosphate rinse and 1.

Placebo-controlled clinical trial of use of 10% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips for medication-induced xerostomia.

Objective: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of peroxide-containing strip-based tooth whitening among subjects with medication-induced hyposalivation.

Methods: Eligibility for this tooth whitening study was limited to dentate adults taking xerogenic medications with an unstimulated salivary flow < or = 0.2 ml/min.

Caries clinical trial of a remineralising toothpaste in radiation patients.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a specially formulated remineralising toothpaste in controlling caries in a high-risk population: head and neck radiation patients.

Design: The study compared the performance of the remineralising toothpaste with a conventional fluoride dentifrice using double-blind randomisation.

Materials And Methods: Test products: The products compared contained equivalent quantities of fluoride (1100 p.

Comparative efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice and sodium fluoride/triclosan/copolymer dentifrice for the prevention of periodontitis in xerostomic patients: a 2-year randomized clinical trial.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice relative to a positive control triclosan dentifrice for prevention of clinical attachment loss (CAL) in xerostomic patients. A secondary objective was to compare the dentifrices for root caries remineralization.

Methods: This was a 2-year, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study.

Reduction in caries rate among patients with xerostomia using a power toothbrush.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a Sonicare toothbrush could be beneficial in reducing coronal and/or root caries among patients with medication-induced xerostomia. Eighty subjects with drug-induced xerostomia using either a Sonicare toothbrush (SC) or a manual toothbrush (MTB) were included in the study. Control subjects using a MTB were frequency-matched to 40 subjects using a SC, based on age, gender, number of teeth at baseline, and salivary flow rates.

Stimulation of salivary flow with a powered toothbrush in a xerostomic population.

The purpose of this study was to determine if using a Sonicare toothbrush was a beneficial treatment of xerostomia. Sixty-one subjects with medication-induced xerostomia were randomly assigned a Sonicare (SC) or manual toothbrush (MTB). Subjects were followed for four visits (one month apart); after two months, the MTB group crossed over to using a SC.

A study to assess the safety and tolerability of three toothbrushes.

This study evaluated the oral soft tissue safety and tolerability of an experimental powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush Pro) compared to two leading manual toothbrushes: an advanced-design manual toothbrush (Oral-B CrossAction) and a flat-trimmed toothbrush (Oral-B 40 Indicator). Manual brushes are generally viewed as safe for use, and as such are appropriate controls. A total of 140 subjects was enrolled in this single-center, randomized, examiner-blind parallel study over a four-week test period.