Microwave-assisted nucleophilic degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in propylene carbonate.

Propylene carbonate is becoming a suitable green alternative to volatile organic solvents in the study of chemical reactions. In this study, an efficient method for nucleophilic degradation of five organophosphorus pesticides, fenitrothion, malathion, diazinon, parathion, and paraoxon, using propylene carbonate as a solvent is proposed. The effect of changing the nature of the nucleophile and the influence of microwave (MW) heating were investigated.

Dual function of amino acid ionic liquids (Bmim[AA]) on the degradation of the organophosphorus pesticide, Paraoxon®.

The synthesis of a series of ionic liquids using 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) as a cation and different amino acids (AA) as anions (Bmim[AA]) is described. These ILs were used for the first time as reaction media to achieve more eco-friendly Paraoxon degradation. The results show that the degradation of Paraoxon in these Bmim[AA]s is accomplished with great efficiency and without an extra nucleophilic agent.

Correction: Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines.

Correction for 'Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines' by Paulina Pavez et al., Org. Biomol.

Reaction mechanisms in ionic liquids: the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of O,O-diethyl (2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with secondary alicyclic amines.

The reactions of O,O-diethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate triester (1) with secondary alicyclic (SA) amines in the ionic liquids [Bmim]BF4 and [Bmim]DCA were subjected to a kinetic study. Eyring plots were obtained for the title reactions in the above ionic liquids (ILs) and also in aqueous ethanol (44 wt% ethanol). Two different reaction pathways were observed in [Bmim]BF4: nucleophilic attack at the phosphoryl center, SN2(P), and at the C-1 aromatic carbon, SN(Ar), where the product distribution remained constant and independent of the amine nature.

Toward a pK(a) scale of N-base amines in ionic liquids.

An electrochemical technique was used to investigate pKa values of some substituted secondary alicyclic (SA) amines, pyridines (py), anilines (AN), and triethylamine (Et3N) in different ionic liquids. The method involves cyclic voltammetry at a platinized Pt electrode. The experimental data were correlated with pKa values reported previously in aqueous solution, and Hammett parameters were correlated with pKa values in ionic liquids to determine ρ values in these media.