IgG4-Related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis in a Patient With B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder.

We report an interesting case of a 25-year-old male patient who presented with a complaint of pain in the abdomen for six months, which was not associated with any other symptom, the patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) via endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biopsy. He was prescribed steroids and proton pump inhibitors. Due to the limited presentation and rarity of RF, diagnosis of this disease requires extensive diligence and care.

Peroral cholangioscopy with cholangioscopy-directed biopsies in the diagnosis of biliary malignancies: a systemic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Accurate diagnosis is essential in the appropriate management of biliary strictures. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of cholangioscopy-directed biopsies in differentiating biliary intraductal malignancies from benign lesions.

Materials And Methods: Articles were searched in Medline, PubMed, and Ovid journals.

Seroconverting nonresponder of high-dose intramuscular HBV vaccine with intradermal HBV vaccine: A case report.

Introduction: Liver disease is a leading cause of death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the United States. Patients with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection have accelerated liver disease, higher rates of cirrhosis, and liver cancer, and markedly increased liver-related mortality. The CDC and US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommend hepatitis B vaccination for all HIV-infected individuals.

Treatment of orofacial granulomatosis: a case report.

Background: Orofacial granulomatosis is a relatively recent term coined by Wiesenfield et al. in 1985 to define granulomatous lesions of oral mucosa without intestinal involvement. When it presents in a triad encompassing facial nerve palsy, lip swelling, and fissured or furrowed tongue it is called Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome while monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic forms are referred to as granulomatous cheilitis.

Pancreas herniation into the mediastinum: a case report.

Background: Pancreatic tissue found in the mediastinum (both true ectopic and herniated pancreas) is rare. It becomes even more challenging when there are complications associated with this entity.

Case Presentation: We report an unusual case of pancreatic herniation into the mediastinum in a 90-year-old Caucasian female.

Treatment of HCV in Patients who Failed First-Generation PI Therapy: a Review of Current Literature.

The addition of the first direct-acting antiviral agents, the NS3 protease inhibitors boceprevir or telaprevir, to peg interferon and ribavirin was a major advance in the treatment of genotype 1 hepatitis C individuals with sustained virological response (SVR) rates of 63-75 %. Those who did not achieve SVR had high rates of resistance-associated variants against NS3 protease domain. Retreatment options for those who have failed first-generation protease inhibitors generally are guided by retreatment with direct-acting antiviral agents from other classes.

New hepatitis C virus therapies: drug classes and metabolism, drug interactions relevant in the transplant settings, drug options in decompensated cirrhosis, and drug options in end-stage renal disease.

Purpose Of Review: This article will review the new direct acting antiviral agent (DAA) drug classes for the treatment of hepatitis C, how they are combined and the relevant drug-drug interactions in the postliver transplant setting. Treatment options for chronic hepatitis C in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and end-stage renal disease will also be discussed.

Recent Findings: The availability of new drug classes has increased the treatment options in patients with hepatitis C in the post-transplant settings.

The Presence of Portal Vein Thrombosis Alters the Classic Enhancement Associated with Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Aims: To determine whether the presence of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) where venous flow within the liver may be altered may delay the diagnosis of HCC and be associated with more advanced disease. We characterized the incidence and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of patients with PVT compared with those without PVT.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study of a subset of HCC patients who underwent dynamic imaging for HCC screening and were found to have PVT.

Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST) complicating a colonic interposition: a novel case report.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a rare tumor comprising 0.1-0.3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies.

The new oral anti-coagulants and the phase 3 clinical trials - a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin has historically been used for the long term management of patients with thromboembolic disease. However, these agents have a slow onset of action which requires bridging therapy with heparin and its analogues, which are available only in parenteral route. To overcome these limitations, new oral anticoagulants such as factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors have been developed.

Complex partial non-convulsive status epilepticus masquerading as hepatic encephalopathy: a case report.

Introduction: Hepatic encephalopathy is usually suspected in patients who are cirrhotic with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We present a case of suspected hepatic encephalopathy that did not respond to standard empiric therapy and was eventually diagnosed as non-convulsive status epilepticus of complex partial type. Our patient responded dramatically to anti-convulsive therapy.

Role of vitamin K2 in preventing the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Hepatocellular cancer is notorious for recurrence even after curative therapy. High recurrence determines the long term prognosis of the patients. Vitamin K2 has been tested in trials for its effect on prevention of recurrence and improving survival.