Quantitative and clinical implications of the EARL2 versus EARL1 [F]FDG PET-CT performance standards in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The EANM Research Ltd. (EARL) guidelines give recommendations for harmonization of [F]FDG PET-CT image acquisition and reconstruction, aiming to ensure reproducibility of quantitative data between PET scanners. Recent technological advancements in PET-CT imaging resulted in an updated version of the EARL guidelines (EARL2).

68Ga-PSMA Uptake in Angiolipoma.

Ga-PSMA PET/CT is an imaging technique used in staging and detection of prostate cancer. However, enhanced uptake on Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan has also been ascribed to other malignant and benign lesions. We report on a case of a 56-year-old man with treated prostate carcinoma who had a Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for restaging.

Sentinel node biopsy and concomitant probe-guided tumor excision of nonpalpable breast cancer.

Background: Preliminary data have shown encouraging results of a single intratumoral radiopharmaceutical injection that enables both sentinel node biopsy and probe-guided excision of the primary tumor in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer. The aim of the study was to evaluate this approach in a large group of patients.

Methods: Lymphoscintigraphy was performed in 368 patients with nonpalpable breast cancer after intratumoral injection of (99m)Tc-nanocolloid (.

Ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology in the preoperative evaluation of melanoma patients eligible for sentinel node biopsy.

Background: Ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven to be a valuable diagnostic tool in the preoperative workup of patients with breast cancer or penile cancer eligible for sentinel lymph node biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of this technique in the initial assessment of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma.

Methods: A total of 107 patients with cutaneous melanoma eligible for sentinel node biopsy with clinically negative nodes were studied prospectively.

Clinical implications of sentinel nodes outside the axilla and internal mammary chain in patients with breast cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, location, surgical identification rate, tumor status, and clinical implications of sentinel nodes outside the axilla and internal mammary chain.

Patients And Methods: In 785 breast cancer patients, pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy was performed after intratumoral injection of 116 MBq 99mTc-labeled nanocolloid (0.2 ml; 3.

Additional axillary metastases and stage migration in breast cancer patients with micrometastases or submicrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes.

Background: In patients with breast cancer, micrometastases and submicrometastases are increasingly found in sentinel nodes when step sectioning and/or immunohistochemical staining are applied. The aims of the current study were to investigate the incidence of micro- and submicrometastases in the sentinel node, to estimate the risk of additional metastases in the remaining axillary lymph nodes, and to consider implications for staging and treatment.

Methods: A total of 2150 breast cancer patients who had undergone axillary sentinel node biopsy between 1999 and 2004 were retrospectively evaluated.

Sentinel node biopsy before neoadjuvant chemotherapy spares breast cancer patients axillary lymph node dissection.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients is a valuable method to determine the efficacy of chemotherapy and potentially downsize the primary tumor, which facilitates breast-conserving therapy. In 18 studies published about sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the sentinel node was identified in on average 89%, and the false-negative rate was on average 10%. Because of these mediocre results, no author dares to omit axillary clearance just yet.

Ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology can spare breast cancer patients unnecessary sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Background: Some 30% to 40% of the breast cancer patients scheduled for sentinel node biopsy have axillary metastasis. Pilot studies suggest that ultrasonography is useful in the preoperative detection of such nodes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of preoperative ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology for detecting axillary metastases and to assess how often sentinel node biopsy could be avoided.

Non-axillary breast cancer recurrences after sentinel node biopsy.

Background And Objectives: The primary lymphatic pathway of patients with breast cancer is toward the axilla, but lymph drainage is also possible towards the internal mammary chain and the supraclavicular fossa. In the current article, the development of breast cancer recurrences at these two sites after sentinel lymph node biopsy is reviewed.

Methods: Since 1997, 803 patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy with intratumoral injection of 99mTc-nanocolloid and patent blue dye in The Netherlands Cancer Institute.

The posterior lymphatic network of the breast rediscovered.

Although the posterior lymphatic network of the breast has been described at the end of the 18th century, this anatomical entity had been almost forgotten. The observation of an increased visualization of extra-axillary sentinel nodes after image guided intralesional radiocolloid injection in non-palpable breast tumors has focused our attention again on the lymphatics on the posterior surface of the breast.

Rationale for superficial injection techniques in lymphatic mapping in breast cancer patients.

One of the most avidly debated issues in lymphatic mapping is where the tracers are best deposited in patients with breast cancer. The four superficial approaches are easy to perform and have several other distinct advantages. They are based on the hypothesis that the entire breast parenchyma and the overlying skin drain to a common node in the axilla because of their common embryological origin.

Dexrazoxane pre-treatment protects skinned rat cardiac trabeculae against delayed doxorubicin-induced impairment of crossbridge kinetics.

1. Dexrazoxane (DXR, ICRF-187) has been shown both in animal studies and clinical trials to provide a substantial cardioprotection when co-administered with anthracycline drugs like Doxorubicin (DOX). In a previous study, we showed that chronic DOX treatment in rats is associated with a clear impairment of the crossbridge kinetics and shift in myosin iso-enzymes.