Differences in parental involvement in the care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily insulin injections versus continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Background: Assessing the degree of involvement of caregivers for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in their diabetes care, differences in the degree of involvement based on the method of insulin administration (multiple daily injections: MDI/continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: CSII), and its effect on glycemic control.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with T1DM patients, ages 6-13 years using a six question survey derived from the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ). All caregivers (n=140) and participants between ages 11 and 13 (n=60) completed the survey.

Fear of needles in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus on multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of fear of needles and its effect on glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Methods: Patients aged 6 to 17 years with T1DM on MDI or CSII (n = 150) were enrolled. All caregivers and patients aged ≥11 years completed a "Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-testing Questionnaire" (D-FISQ).

Comparison of the expectations of caregivers and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for independence in diabetes care-related tasks.

Objective: Children who are given unsupervised responsibility for their diabetes care prior to developmental and/or emotional readiness may have poorer glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to assess the age-related expectations of children and caregivers for independence in diabetes care-related tasks.

Methods: A total of 150 participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) receiving multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were enrolled in this study.