The role of international partnerships in improving urethral reconstruction in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose: To explore the impact of education and training in international surgical partnerships on outcomes of urethral stricture disease in low- and middle-income countries. To encourage data collection and outcomes assessments to promote evidence-based and safe surgical care.

Methods: Qualitative data were collected through observation of a reconstructive surgical workshop held by IVUmed at a host site in Dakar, Senegal.

Urinary Catheter Management for Nonurologists: A Resident Driven Educational Initiative.

Introduction: Prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection relies on timely catheter removal and care of indwelling catheters. Educational and quality improvement initiatives to prevent catheter associated urinary tract infection should address the basics of urinary catheter placement and management. Internal medicine residents are an appropriate target for these efforts and they may lack formal training in these issues.

Epithelial mesenchymal-like transition occurs in a subset of cells in castration resistant prostate cancer bone metastases.

TGFβ is a known driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. However, EMT has not been fully explored in clinical specimens of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) metastases. To assess EMT in CRPC, gene expression analysis was performed on 149 visceral and bone metastases from 62 CRPC patients and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 185 CRPC bone and visceral metastases from 42 CRPC patients.

Human prostate sphere-forming cells represent a subset of basal epithelial cells capable of glandular regeneration in vivo.

Background: Prostate stem/progenitor cells function in glandular development and maintenance. They may be targets for tumor initiation, so characterization of these cells may have therapeutic implications. Cells from dissociated tissues that form spheres in vitro often represent stem/progenitor cells.