BMP2 is required for granulosa cell proliferation and primordial follicle activation in chicken.

During ovary development, the dormant primordial follicles (PF) are stimulated and begin to develop into primary follicles (PrF), a process called follicle activation. Only activated follicles can continue to grow and release the eggs in the future, making the female animal fertile. The molecular events during PF activation are not fully understood.

Ceramide synthase 6 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hemin-treated neurons by impairing mitophagy through interacting with sequestosome 1.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe subtype of stroke linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuronal injury post-ICH remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sphingolipid metabolism alterations in neurons using lipidomics and explored the regulatory mechanisms involved.

Research on the timing for subsequent water flooding in Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield based on automated machine learning.

Determining the optimal timing for subsequent water flooding in Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flooding is essential to maximizing both the technical and economic outcomes of oilfield blocks. This study identified eight critical parameters that influence the benefits of ASP flooding and established parameter ranges based on data from completed blocks and actual field measurements. The optimal timing for subsequent water flooding was determined by evaluating cumulative net profit variations throughout the ASP flooding lifecycle.

A flexible glucose biosensor modified by reduced-swelling and conductive zwitterionic hydrogel enzyme membrane.

This paper reports a flexible glucose biosensor which is modified by a reduced-swelling and conductive zwitterionic hydrogel enzyme membrane that contains two forms of chemical cross-links. One chemical cross-linking is induced by thermal initiators and forms the basal network of the hydrogel. Another cross-linking is achieved by the coordination interactions between the multivalent metal ion Al and anionic group -COO of zwitterionic poly-carboxy betaine (pCBMA), which significantly increase the cross-linking density of the zwitterionic hydrogel, improving the reduced-swelling property and reducing the pore size.

Broadening anticancer spectrum by preprocessing and treatment of T- lymphocytes expressed FcγRI and monoclonal antibodies for refractory cancers.

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapies have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of hematological tumors. However, given the distinct features of solid tumors, particularly heterogeneity, metabolic aggressiveness, and fewer immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME), the practical utility of CAR-T cells for solid tumors remains as a challenging issue. Meanwhile, although anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has shown clinical efficacy, most mAbs also show limited clinical benefits for solid tumors due mainly to the issues associated with the lack of immune cells in TME.

TGFB1 stimulates the proliferation of quiescent oogonial stem cells in chicken.

In Brief: Oogonial stem cells in the adult ovary can generate oocytes, but they are usually quiescent. TGFB1 is key in stimulating the proliferation of OSC, thereby ensuring the sustained reproductive potential in poultry species.

Abstract: Oogonial stem cells (OSCs) are a type of germ stem cell present in the adult ovary.

Mild hypothermia promotes neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells via RBM3-SOX11 signaling pathway.

Both therapeutic hypothermia and neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation have shown promise in neuroprotection and neural repair after brain injury. However, the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on neuronal differentiation of NSCs are not elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mild hypothermia promoted neuronal differentiation in cultured and transplanted human NSCs (hNSCs).

Causality of unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Many observational studies have identified a link between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis. However, they contain reverse causality and confounding factors, and there is no definite causal study between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis.

Objectives: Analysis of causality between unsaturated fatty acids and psoriasis by Mendelian randomization.

Intranasal drug delivery: The interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway.

Intranasal delivery provides a direct and non-invasive method for drugs to reach the central nervous system. Nanoparticles play a crucial role as carriers in augmenting the efficacy of brain delivery. However, the interaction between nanoparticles and the nose-to-brain pathway and how the various biopharmaceutical factors affect brain delivery efficacy remains unclear.

Intraoperative application of intelligent, responsive, self-assembling hydrogel rectifies oxygen and energy metabolism in traumatically injured brain.

In managing severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), emergency surgery involving the removal of damaged brain tissue and intracerebral hemorrhage is a priority. Secondary brain injury caused by oxidative stress and energy metabolic disorders, triggered by both primary mechanical brain damage and surgical insult, is also a determining factor in the prognosis of TBI. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of traditional postoperative intravenous neuroprotective agents therapy is often limited by the lack of targeting, timeliness, and side effects when neuroprotective agents systemically delivered.

Self-Disassembling and Oxygen-Generating Porphyrin-Lipoprotein Nanoparticle for Targeted Glioblastoma Resection and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy.

The dismal prognosis for glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients is primarily attributed to the highly invasive tumor residual that remained after surgical intervention. The development of precise intraoperative imaging and postoperative residual removal techniques will facilitate the gross total elimination of GBM. Here, a self-disassembling porphyrin lipoprotein-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PLCNP) is developed to target GBM via macropinocytosis, allowing for fluorescence-guided surgery of GBM and improving photodynamic treatment (PDT) of GBM residual by alleviating hypoxia.

The impact of induced pluripotent stem cells in animal conservation.

It is widely acknowledged that we are currently facing a critical tipping point with regards to global extinction, with human activities driving us perilously close to the brink of a devastating sixth mass extinction. As a promising option for safeguarding endangered species, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great potential to aid in the preservation of threatened animal populations. For endangered species, such as the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), supply of embryos is often limited.

Mesenchymal stem cells prevent H7N9 virus infection via rejuvenating immune environment to inhibit immune-overactivity.

Background: Influenza is a clinically important infectious disease with a high fatality rate, which always results in severe pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit promising therapeutic effects on severe viral pneumonia, but whether MSCs prevent virus infection and contribute to the prevention of influenza remains unknown.

Methods: ICR mice were pretreated with human umbilical cord (hUC) MSCs and then infected with the influenza H7N9 virus.

Efficacy of fractional CO laser therapy combined with hyaluronic acid dressing for treating facial atrophic acne scars: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The present work aimed to systematically identify the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide (CO) laser plus hyaluronic acid (HA) dressing in dealing with facial atrophic acne scars. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning fractional CO laser in combination with HA dressing for treating atrophic acne scars were screened in 8 electronic databases (containing PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, Sinomed as well as VIP). Besides, for the purpose of evaluating the risk of bias of the enrolled RCTs, the Cochrane Collaboration tool was adopted.

The regulation of Tfh cell differentiation by β-hydroxybutyrylation modification of transcription factor Bcl6.

Transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is a major transcription factor involved in Tfh cell differentiation and germinal center response, which is regulated by a variety of biological processes. However, the functional impact of post-translational modifications, particularly lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb), on Bcl6 remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that Bcl6 is modified by Kbhb to affect Tfh cell differentiation, resulting in the decrease of cell population and cytokine IL-21.

The Synchronized Progression from Mitosis to Meiosis in Female Primordial Germ Cells between Layers and Broilers.

Layer and broiler hens show a dramatic difference in the volume and frequency of egg production. However, it is unclear whether the intrinsic competency of oocyte generation is also different between the two types of chicken. All oocytes were derived from the primordial germ cells (PGC) in the developing embryo, and female PGC proliferation (mitosis) and the subsequent differentiation (meiosis) determine the ultimate ovarian pool of germ cells available for future ovulation.

Recombinant High-Density Lipoprotein Boosts the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mild Hypothermia in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to neuropsychiatric symptoms and increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Mild hypothermia is commonly used in patients suffering from severe TBI. However, its effect for long-term protection is limited, mostly because of its insufficient anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective efficacy and restricted treatment duration.