Types of Temporary Immersion Systems Used in Commercial Plant Micropropagation.

Technological innovation in the design and manufacture of temporary immersion systems (TIS) has increased in the past decade. Innovations have involved the size, fitting, and replacement of components, as well as manufacturing materials. Air replacement by compressor has also been substituted by air replacement by preset tilting/rotation of culture bottles.

Use of Thin Cell Layer (TCL) to Obtain Somatic Embryogenesis.

The thin cell layer (TCL) culture system was initially reported in relation to the model plant Nicotiana tabacum, giving rise to 47 years of continuous application and investigation on micropropagation and plant breeding of over 100 plant species or hybrids. The small sizes of the tissue sections (100 μm to 1-2 mm in thickness), its classification into transverse TCL (tTCL) or longitudinal TCL (lTCL) categories, and the interaction between the cultured cells and the culture medium are the main drivers of its efficacy in tens of plants for the induction of somatic embryogenesis, relative to the conventional in-vitro culture system. Furthermore, it promotes higher productivity and reduced time in the proliferation of cultures, which is key for the differentiation of cells and plant tissues.