Effect of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis on outcomes and renal benefit in patients with high-altitude polycythemia: a real-world study.

Kidney injury from high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is common, yet few studies have explored effective treatments. This research assessed the renal benefits of therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TE) in HAPC patients, analyzing the efficacy of single versus multiple treatments. From 2017 to 2023, 631 patients undergoing TE were included.

Automated segmentation of brain metastases with deep learning: A multi-center, randomized crossover, multi-reader evaluation study.

Background: Artificial intelligence has been proposed for brain metastasis (BM) segmentation but it has not been fully clinically validated. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a system for BM segmentation.

Methods: A deep-learning-based BM segmentation system (BMSS) was developed using contrast-enhanced MR images from 488 patients with 10338 brain metastases.

A long-term stable cold-chain-friendly HIV mRNA vaccine encoding multi-epitope viral protease cleavage site immunogens inducing immunogen-specific protective T cell immunity.

The lack of success in clinical trials for HIV vaccines highlights the need to explore novel strategies for vaccine development. Research on highly exposed seronegative (HESN) HIV-resistant Kenyan female sex workers revealed naturally protective immunity is correlated with a focused immune response mediated by virus-specific CD8 T cells. Further studies indicated that the immune response is unconventionally focused on highly conserved sequences around HIV viral protease cleavage sites (VPCS).

Hairpin-Empowered Invasive Reaction Combined with Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Cascade Amplification for the Specific Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is widely used in the study of disease-related genes and in the genetic study of animal and plant strains. Therefore, SNP detection is crucial for biomedical diagnosis and treatment as well as for molecular design breeding of animals and plants. In this regard, this article describes a novel technique for detecting SNP using flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) as a specific recognition element and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) cascade reaction as a signal amplification strategy.

Two-Dimensional Deep Learning Frameworks for Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Detection.

The identification of drug-induced cardiotoxicity remains a pressing challenge with far-reaching clinical and economic ramifications, often leading to patient harm and resource-intensive drug recalls. Current methodologies, including in vivo and in vitro models, have severe limitations in accurate identification of cardiotoxic substances. Pioneering a paradigm shift from these conventional techniques, our study presents two deep learning-based frameworks, STFT-CNN and SST-CNN, to assess cardiotoxicity with markedly improved accuracy and reliability.

The Effect of Heparin and Other Exogenous Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Reducing IL-1β-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-8 and IL-6 mRNA Expression and the Potential Role for Reducing Inflammation.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long linear polysaccharides found in every mammalian tissue. Previously thought only to be involved in cellular structure or hydration, GAGs are now known to be involved in cell signaling and protein modulation in cellular adhesion, growth, proliferation, and anti-coagulation. In this study, we showed that GAGs have an inhibitory effect on the IL-1β-stimulated mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-8.

CircNOP14 increases the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of Ku70-dependent DNA damage repair.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are profoundly affected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through various pathways. However, the role of circRNAs in the radiosensitivity of HCC cells is yet to be explored. In this study, we identified a circRNA-hsa_circ_0006737 (circNOP14) involved in the radiosensitivity of HCC.

The role of computed tomography features in assessing response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Objective: To compare the computed tomography (CT) images of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in order to identify CT features that could predict pathological response to NAC.

Methods: We included patients with locally advanced GC who underwent gastrectomy after NAC from September 2016 to September 2021. We retrieved and collected the patients' clinicopathological characteristics and CT images before and after NAC.

Three-dimensional patterning of MoS with ultrafast laser.

Transition metal chalcogenides, a special two-dimensional (2D) material emerged in recent years, possess unique optoelectronic properties and have been used to fabricate various optoelectronic devices. While it is essential to manufacture multifunctional devices with complex nanostructures for practical applications, 2D material devices present a tendency toward miniaturization. However, the controllable fabrication of complex nanostructures on 2D materials remains a challenge.

Dual-Energy CT Deep Learning Radiomics to Predict Macrotrabecular-Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background It is unknown whether the additional information provided by multiparametric dual-energy CT (DECT) could improve the noninvasive diagnosis of the aggressive macrotrabecular-massive (MTM) subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-phase contrast-enhanced multiparametric DECT for predicting MTM HCC. Materials and Methods Patients with histopathologic examination-confirmed HCC who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between June 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively recruited from three independent centers (center 1, training and internal test data set; centers 2 and 3, external test data set).

Africa-specific human genetic variation near CHD1L associates with HIV-1 load.

HIV-1 remains a global health crisis, highlighting the need to identify new targets for therapies. Here, given the disproportionate HIV-1 burden and marked human genome diversity in Africa, we assessed the genetic determinants of control of set-point viral load in 3,879 people of African ancestries living with HIV-1 participating in the international collaboration for the genomics of HIV. We identify a previously undescribed association signal on chromosome 1 where the peak variant associates with an approximately 0.

Preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes by CT-histopathologic matching analysis in gastric adenocarcinoma using dual-layer spectral detector CT.

Objectives: There still remain challenges to accurate diagnosis of lymph node (LN) involvement in gastric cancer (GC) on conventional CT. This study evaluated the quantitative data derived from dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT) for preoperative diagnosis of metastatic LNs compared to conventional CT images.

Methods: Patients with adenocarcinoma scheduled for gastrectomy were enrolled in this prospective study from July, 2021, to February, 2022.

Correction: Luo, M. Natural Immunity against HIV-1: Progression of Understanding after Association Studies. 2022, , 1243.

The author wishes to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Percutaneous ablation of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a comparison between the outcomes of ultrasound guidance and CT guidance using propensity score matching.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and outcomes of percutaneous ablation guided by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) in colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM).

Methods: This study included patients with CLOM treated with percutaneous ablation from January 2008 to January 2021 in this observational study. Only lesions visualized on both CT and US images were further analyzed according to whether patients' initial ablation treatments utilized US guidance or CT guidance.

Laser Induced Coffee-Ring Structure through Solid-Liquid Transition for Color Printing.

Metallic micro/nano structures with special physicochemical properties have undergone rapid development owing to their broad applications in micromachines and microdevices. Ultrafast laser processing is generally accepted as an effective technology for functional structures manufacture, however, the controllable fabrication of specific metallic micro/nano structures remains a challenge. Here, this work proposes a novel strategy of laser induced transient solid-liquid transition to fabricate unique structures.

Supine magnetic resonance image registration for breast surgery: insights on material mechanics.

Purpose: Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a common procedure for early-stage breast cancer patients. Supine preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) breast imaging for visualizing tumor location and extent, while not standard for procedural guidance, is being explored since it more closely represents the surgical presentation compared to conventional diagnostic imaging positions. Despite this preoperative imaging position, deformation is still present between the supine imaging and surgical state.

NFκB1 Polymorphisms Are Associated with Severe Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in a Canadian Population.

Background: We examined associations between NFκB1 polymorphisms and influenza A (H1N1) clinical outcomes in Canadian. Methods: A total of thirty-six Caucasian patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in hospitals in Canada were recruited during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood samples.

Chiral Majorana fermions in two-dimensional square lattice antiferromagnet with proximity-induced superconductivity.

Combination of proximity-induced superconductivity and ferromagnetic exchange field in a two-dimensional square-lattice antiferromagnet with spin-orbit coupling and nonsymmorphic symmetry can induce a topological superconductor phase with chiral Majorana edge states. The lattice model of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian was applied to study the phase diagram of bulks and chiral Majorana edge states in nanoribbons. By numerically studying the phase diagram, we found that the non-uniformity of either the superconducting pairing parameters or the exchange field at the two sublattices is necessary to induce a topological superconductor phase with chiral Majorana edge states.

Magnetic resonance imaging features of intrahepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis: Three case reports.

Background: Extramedullary hematopoiesis rarely occurs within the liver alone, and is easily misdiagnosed. The radiological literature on this disease is exclusively case reports. There is a paucity of literature on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Natural Immunity against HIV-1: Progression of Understanding after Association Studies.

Natural immunity against HIV has been observed in many individuals in the world. Among them, a group of female sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort remained HIV uninfected for more than 30 years despite high-risk sex work. Many studies have been carried out to understand this natural immunity to HIV in the hope to develop effective vaccines and preventions.

Breast image registration for surgery: Insights on material mechanics modeling.

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a common procedure for early-stage breast cancer patients. Supine preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) breast imaging for visualizing tumor location and extent, while not standard for procedural guidance, more closely represents the surgical presentation compared to conventional diagnostic pendant positioning. Optimal utilization for surgical guidance, however, requires a fast and accurate image-to-physical registration from preoperative imaging to intraoperative surgical presentation.

Toll-like Interleukin -1 Receptor Regulator (TILRR) Protein, a Major Modulator of Inflammation, is Expressed in Normal Human and Macaque Tissues and PBMCs.

Purpose: TILRR is a modulator of genes in the NF-κB inflammation pathway. It regulates inflammation-responsive genes, the secretion of inflammatory mediators, and the migration of immune cells. Because inflammation drives the pathogenesis of many infectious and inflammatory diseases, it is important to know the expression of TILRR protein in tissues and cells.