Immunogenic cell death-based cancer vaccines: promising prospect in cancer therapy.

Tumor immunotherapy is a promising approach for addressing the limitations of conventional tumor treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often have side effects and fail to prevent recurrence and metastasis. However, the effectiveness and sustainability of immune activation in tumor immunotherapy remain challenging. Tumor immunogenic cell death, characterized by the release of immunogenic substances, damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor associated antigens, from dying tumor cells (DTCs), offers a potential solution.

Dissolving Microneedle-Based Cascade-Activation Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancer.

Purpose: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been an attractive strategy for skin tumor treatment. However, the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors and further O consumption during PDT would diminish its therapeutic effect. Herein, we developed a strategy using the combination of PDT and hypoxia-activated bioreductive drug tirapazamine (TPZ).

Risk factors for the rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The study aimed to identify potential risk factors for aneurysm rupture by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials And Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for eligible studies from their inception until June 2023.

Results: Eighteen studies involving 17,069 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) and 2,699 aneurysm ruptures were selected for the meta-analysis.

Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment.

Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors.

Giant Malignant Meningioma Penetrates the Skull.

Meningioma is a primary tumor of the central nervous system, most commonly found in the middle-aged and elderly. Most meningiomas are benign, whereas malignant meningiomas account for only 1% of all meningiomas. Meningiomas usually grow slowly, and patients often have headaches and epilepsy as the first symptoms.

Lycorine transfersomes modified with cell-penetrating peptides for topical treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Topical anticancer drugs offer a potential therapeutic modality with high compliance for treating cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, the existing topical treatments for cSCC are associated with limited penetrating ability to achieve the desired outcome. Therefore, there remains an urgent requirement to develop drugs with efficient anticancer activity suitable for treating cSCC and to overcome the skin physiological barrier to improve the efficiency of drug delivery to the tumor.

Evaluation of pH regulation in carbohydrate-type municipal waste anaerobic co-fermentation: Roles of pH at acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions.

This study investigated and evaluated the roles of acidic (pH 4.0), neutral (pH 7.0) and alkaline (pH 10.

Disseminated Kaposi Sarcoma.

AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common HIV-associated neoplasm. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma became rare with the application of antiretroviral therapy. Oral AIDS-associated KS has prognostic relevance, indicating higher mortality than those with cutaneous lesions only.

Target and Enhance Ethanol and Butyrate Production from Anaerobic Fermentation via the pH and Organic Loading Rate Combined Strategy.

The large capacity production and low utilization rate increase the difficulty of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) treatment. Efficient and targeted recovery strategies can solve these problems. This study investigated and proposed combined strategies via pH and organic loading rate (OLR) to target and enhance ethanol- and butyrate-dominant acidogenic production in the FVW mixed culture fermentation.

Nanoparticle delivery of miR-21-3p sensitizes melanoma to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by promoting ferroptosis.

Background: Although anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy is greatly effective in melanoma treatment, low response rate and treatment resistance significantly hinder its efficacy. Tumor cell ferroptosis triggered by interferon (IFN)-γ that is derived from tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells greatly contributes to the effect of immunotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IFN-γ-mediated ferroptosis and related potentially promising therapeutic strategy warrant further clarification.

Morphological and Spatial Heterogeneity of Microbial Communities in Pilot-Scale Autotrophic Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge System Treating Coal to Ethylene Glycol Wastewater.

The understanding of microbial compositions in different dimensions is essential to achieve the successful design and operation of the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process. This study investigated the microbial communities of different sludge morphologies and spatial distribution in the one-stage PN/A process of treating real coal to ethylene glycol (CtEG) wastewater at a pilot-scale integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. The results showed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was mainly distributed in flocs (13.

Potential Therapeutic Targets of Rehmannia Formulations on Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis.

Previous retrospective cohorts showed that Rehmannia-6 (R-6, Liu-wei-di-huang-wan) formulations were associated with significant kidney function preservation and mortality reduction among chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of action of common R-6 variations in a clinical protocol for diabetic nephropathy (DN) from a system pharmacology approach. Disease-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards and OMIM by searching "Diabetic Nephropathy" and "Macroalbuminuria".

Performance and microbial community evaluation of full-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge.

"Temperature Staging and Biological Phasing" (TSBP) is an improved two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. This technology hydrolyzes waste activated sludge (WAS) at 45 °C and converts methane at mesophilic temperature (35-38 °C), with hydraulic retention times of 3-5 d and 14-17 d, respectively. In this study, the performance and microbial community dynamics of full-scale TSBP-based sludge anaerobic digestion system were studied, and the technology was evaluated by energy balance and ecological benefit analysis.

A novel anammox aggregate nourished sustainably internal heterotrophic nitrate removal pathway with endogenous carbon source.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a cost-effective nitrogen removal pathway but instinctively generated nitrate limits its application. A novel anammox aggregate reduced the production of nitrate significantly with efficient removal of ammonia and nitrite in this work. The results demonstrated that the internal heterotrophic nitrate removal (IHNAR) pathway exists stably at inner of anammox aggregates, which eliminated 42.

Hydrogenotrophic methanogenic granular sludge formation for highly efficient transforming hydrogen to CH.

This paper presents a potential process that can enhance H transformation to CH and simultaneously upgrading biogas by using hydrogenotrophic methanogens. For the first time, anaerobic granules were developed in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor feeding H/CO syngas as the sole substrate and the granule characterization was thoroughly investigated. The results from experiment revealed that the H consumption rates of UASB reactor increased from 32.

Effect of pH dynamic control on ethanol-lactic type fermentation (ELTF) performance of glucose.

This study proposed a new ethanol-lactic type fermentation (ELTF) and explored the optimal control strategy. Using batch experiments, the effects of pH, temperature and organic loading (OL) on ELTF were investigated. The sum of ethanol and lactic acid yield was highest at whole-control pH value of 4.

The XBP1‒MARCH5‒MFN2 Axis Confers Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Resistance by Coordinating Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy in Melanoma.

Melanoma cells are relatively resistant to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which contributes to tumor progression under stressful conditions and renders tolerance to ER stress‒inducing therapeutic agents. Mitochondria are tightly interconnected with ER. However, whether mitochondria play a role in regulating ER stress resistance in melanoma remains elusive.

Erythrocyte membrane bioengineered nanoprobes via indocyanine green-directed assembly for single NIR laser-induced efficient photodynamic/photothermal theranostics.

Traditional combinational photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) were limited in clinical therapy of cancer due to exceptionally low drug payload and activation by light with separate wavelengths. We have accidentally discovered that zinc phthalocyanine (ZNPC, a typical hydrophobic photosensitizer) and indocyanine green (ICG, a clinically approved fluorescence probe) could be co-assembled into carrier-free nanodrugs (almost 100 wt%) for single NIR laser-induced efficient PDT/PTT. Interestingly, ICG could act as "transformers" for modulating the geometric shape of ZNPC/ICG co-assembling structures from needle-like/spindle-like structure via cubic structure finally to spherical structure.

Prognosis prediction model for a special entity of gastric cancer, linitis plastica.

Background: Gastric linitis plastica (GLP) is characteristic by its poor prognosis and highly aggressive characteristics compared with other types of gastric cancer (GC). However, the guidelines have not yet been distinguished between GLP and non-GLP.

Methods: A total of 342 eligible patients with GLP identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset were randomly divided into training set (n=298) and validation set (n=153).

The efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in fruit and vegetable waste two-phase anaerobic digestion: Ethanol-path vs. butyrate-path.

To rapidly treat and stably utilize great quantities of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), the strategies in anaerobic digestion pattern have been constantly improved. In this work, the efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in different FVW anaerobic digestion systems were studied. Compared to butyrate-path (BD) two-phase and single-phase anaerobic digestion (SD), the ethanol-path two-phase anaerobic digestion (ED) system showed the highest rate of converting insoluble into soluble carbon formation (82.

Aptamer-Functionalized Dendrimer Delivery of Plasmid-Encoding lncRNA Enhances Gene Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: The clinical management of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is difficult. However, novel treatment methods are gradually being introduced. Considering the adverse effects of traditional treatments, recent studies have investigated gene therapy as a method to combat CRPC; but, the application of long non-coding (lnc) RNA in gene therapy remains scarce, despite their promise.

A20 regulates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma.

Background: The therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockers, especially the neutralizing antibodies of programmed cell death (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has been well verified in melanoma. Nevertheless, the dissatisfactory response rate and the occurrence of resistance significantly hinder the treatment effect. Inflammation-related molecules like A20 are greatly implicated in cancer immune response, but the role of tumorous A20 in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy remains elusive.