Enhancing HER performance nitrogen defects: a comparative DFT study of Fe and Ru single-atom catalysts on graphene.

Exploring high-performance catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for the development of clean hydrogen energy. Single atom catalysts (SACs) have garnered significant attention due to their maximum atomic efficiency, high catalytic performance and excellent selectivity. In this work, we systematically investigated the HER activity of Ru and Fe SACs on nitrogen-doped graphene using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

The effect of shared leadership on employee resilience: wielding the double-edged sword.

Introduction: This investigation delves into the ambidextrous impacts that shared leadership imparts on the resilience of employees through the incorporation of the Job Demands-Resources framework to delineate the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the organizational boundary factors that enhance employees' resilience, so as to explore the ways to improve employees resilience.

Methods: This research chose to use an online questionnaire at two time points with a analysis of 246 valid questionnaires.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Forage Provision on the Serum Biochemical Indicators, Behavior and Health of Dairy Calves.

Forage may boost dairy calf health, yet findings vary. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess forage's impact on serum biomarkers, fecal scores, diarrhea, and feeding habits, reviewing 29 studies from 2000 to 2023 across Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and X-Mol. The results showed that forage supplementation increased the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in the postweaning calves.

Background simulation of a low background gamma ray spectrometer with an array of five germanium detectors.

A new gamma ray spectrometer with an array of five germanium detectors, called ARGUS, is designed to screen and select materials used in rare-event search experiments. In this paper, we investigate the background characteristics of ARGUS using Monte Carlo simulation. The expected background count rate was found to reach the level of 10 counts per day per kg of germanium crystal (cpkd) in the energy region of 60 keV to 2700 keV.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

The year 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the discovery of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Over recent years, SERS has experienced rapid development and became a critical tool in biomedicine with its unparalleled sensitivity and molecular specificity. This review summarizes the advancements and challenges in SERS substrates, nanotags, instrumentation, and spectral analysis for biomedical applications.

Genetic diversity and dietary adaptations of the Central Plains Han Chinese population in East Asia.

The Central Plains Han Chinese (CPHC) is the typical agricultural population of East Asia. Investigating the genome of the CPHC is crucial to understanding the genetic structure and adaptation of the modern humans in East Asia. Here, we perform whole genome sequencing of 492 CPHC individuals and obtained 22.

The relationship between social isolation, depressive symptoms and cognitive function in older adults: a longitudinal mediation study in China.

Purpose: Both social isolation and cognitive impairment are important public health issues that affect the quality of life of older adults. Our study aims to clarify the direction of their relationship and to illustrate the mediating role played by depressive symptoms.

Methods: Data from 5399 respondents who participated in three longitudinal surveys in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) were analyzed.

Sex-specific outcome after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass for single-vessel disease: a propensity score matching analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of gender on surgical outcome in patients with single-vessel disease undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB).

Methods: This retrospective, non-randomized study analyzed 471 patients who underwent MIDCAB between February 2012 and January 2021 through left lateral thoracic small incision in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of our hospital were selected. Data were collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, operative and postoperative outcomes, and follow-up mortality and morbidity.

East and West admixture in eastern China of Tang Dynasty inferred from ancient human genomes.

The ancestry composition and Sinicisation process of the descendants of the immigrants of Hu people living in ancient China are largely unknown due to the lack of genetic evidence. Tang Dynasty people in Fudamen cemetery () excavated from Shandong province in eastern China are believed to be related to the descendants of Hu people, as some of the individuals with the surnames An (). The genetic origin of the Fudamen population requires genetic clarification using ancient DNA data.

Basin dependencies of tropical cyclone genesis environment and possible future changes revealed by machine learning methods.

Tropical cyclone (TC) genesis mechanisms remain debated, complicating predictions of climate change impacts. This study uses principal-component analysis (PCA), confidence ellipses, and correlation circles to analyze TC genesis environments across ocean basins. Results show that TC genesis is basin dependent, except in the North Atlantic (NA), where absolute vorticity primarily drives differences in genesis locations.

GPx3 Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting Microglial Pyroptosis Through IRAK4/ROS/NLRP3 Axis.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic injury characterized by oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects against immune responses in various diseases. However, the effects of GPx3 in SCI remains unclear.

Dynamic history of the Central Plain and Haidai region inferred from Late Neolithic to Iron Age ancient human genomes.

The peopling history of the Yellow River basin (YR) remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of ancient genomes. Our study sheds light on the dynamic demographic history of the YR by co-analyzing previously published genomes and 31 newly generated Late Neolithic to Iron Age genomes from Shandong in the lower YR and the Central Plain in the middle YR. Our analysis reveals the population structure in Shandong and the Central Plain in the Late Neolithic Longshan cultural period.

Deep photocatalytic NO oxidation on ZnTi-LDH: Pivotal role of surface hydroxyls dynamic evolution.

Surface defect engineering has been regarded as an appealing strategy to improve photocatalytic performance, but defects are susceptible to inactivation and thus lose their function as active sites. In this study, we successfully tailored and identified the dynamic evolution of surface hydroxyl defects over ZnTi-layered double hydroxide (ZnTi-LDH) photocatalyst. The enrichment of surface hydroxyl electrons and the dynamic circulation of hydroxyl defects result in enhanced separation and transport capabilities of photogenerated carriers, thereby ensuring the perpetual activation of small molecules into •O and •OH.

Joint association of objective and subjective aging with premature mortality.

Objective and subjective aging indicators reflect diverse biological and psychosocial processes, yet their combined association with premature mortality remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between a multidomain framework of aging indicators and premature mortality, addressing gaps in understanding cumulative effects. We included 369,741 UK Biobank participants initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, followed until December 31, 2022.

The Application of an Intelligent -Harvesting Device Based on FES-YOLOv5s.

To address several challenges, including low efficiency, significant damage, and high costs, associated with the manual harvesting of , in this study, a machine vision-based intelligent harvesting device was designed according to its agronomic characteristics and morphological features. This device mainly comprised a frame, camera, truss-type robotic arm, flexible manipulator, and control system. The FES-YOLOv5s deep learning target detection model was used to accurately identify and locate .

Molybdenum and Sulfur Doping To Create Active Sites and Regulate d-Band Centers of Ni-Mo-S Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Defining the active sites and further optimizing their activity are of great significance for enhancing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances, especially for inexpensive Ni-based catalysts doped with metals and nonmetal elements. This work reports the role of the incorporated molybdenum and sulfur in enhancing the HER activity of nickel. The prepared molybdenum and sulfur coincorporated Ni (NMS) electrocatalysts exhibit excellent HER performance, with an overpotential and Tafel slope of 77.

Ergothioneine, a New Acrolein Scavenger at Elevated Temperature.

Acrolein (ACR) present in vivo and in vitro can damage proteins and DNA, linking it to various chronic diseases. In this paper, ergothioneine (EGT), abundant in edible mushrooms, has been studied for its ability to trap ACR and its reaction pathway with ACR at high temperatures using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). We synthesized the adducts (EGT-ACR-1 and EGT-ACR-2), elucidating their structure and reaction site through HRMS and nuclear magnetic resonance.

Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults.

Background And Aims: To identify the patterns of coffee drinking timing in the US population and evaluate their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study included 40 725 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 who had complete information on dietary data and 1463 adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Study who had complete data on 7-day dietary record. Clustering analysis was used to identify patterns of coffee drinking timing.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a half-century historical perspective.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has evolved significantly over fifty years into a powerful analytical technique. This review aims to achieve five main goals. (1) Providing a comprehensive history of SERS's discovery, its experimental and theoretical foundations, its connections to advances in nanoscience and plasmonics, and highlighting collective contributions of key pioneers.

Population expansion from central plain to northern coastal China inferred from ancient human genomes.

The population history of the northern coastal Chinese is largely unknown due to the lack of ancient human genomes from the Neolithic to historical periods. In this study, we reported 14 newly generated ancient genomes from Linzi, one of China's densely populated and economically prosperous cities from the Zhou to Han Dynasties. The ancient samples in this study were dated to the Warring States period to the Eastern Han Dynasty (∼2,000 BP).

Transcriptomic Response of the Ovarian Follicle Complex in Post-Vitellogenic Rainbow Trout to 17α,20β-Dihdroxy-4-pregnen-3-one In Vitro.

Gonadotropins and progestins are the primary regulators of follicle maturation and ovulation in fish, and they require complex communication among the oocyte and somatic cells of the follicle. The major progestin and the maturation-inducing hormone in salmonids is 17α,20β-dihdroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP), and traditional nuclear receptors and membrane steroid receptors for the progestin have been identified within the follicle. Herein, RNA-seq was used to conduct a comprehensive survey of changes in gene expression throughout the intact follicle in response to in vitro treatment with these hormones to provide a foundation for understanding the coordination of their actions in regulating follicle maturation and preparation for ovulation.

Enhanced Degradation of Oxytetracycline Antibiotic Under Visible Light over BiWO Coupled with Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Waste Biomass.

Improving the photogenerated carrier separation efficiency of individual semiconductor materials has always been a key challenge in photocatalysis. In this study, we synthesized a novel photocatalytic material, N-CQDs/UBWO, in situ by combining nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) derived from discarded corn stover with ultrathin BiWO nanosheets (UBWO). Detailed characterization indicates that the random distribution of N-CQDs on the UBWO surface increases the specific surface area of UBWO, which is beneficial for the adsorption and degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC).