Impairment of stimulation ability of very-preterm neonatal monocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide.

Little is known about innate immunity of neonates, particularly for very-preterm ones, which are more susceptible to immunologic damage due to their immature immune response. This cross-sectional, descriptive study in umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells describes the differences in innate immune response between 64 healthy neonates of different gestational ages (very-preterm, preterm, full-term). CD14(+) monocytes cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS + interferon-gamma showed significant lower human leukocyte antigen-DR percentages for the very-preterm group in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells.

Virological phenotype switches under salvage therapy with lopinavir-ritonavir in heavily pretreated HIV-1 vertically infected children.

Objective: To investigate the effects of salvage therapy with lopinavir-ritonavir on HIV-1 phenotype in heavily antiretroviral experienced HIV-infected children.

Design: Twenty antiretroviral experienced HIV-infected children were studied during a mean of time of 16.1 months from initiation of the treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir.