Gut microbial GABA imbalance emerges as a metabolic signature in mild autism spectrum disorder linked to overrepresented Escherichia.

Gut microbiota (GM) alterations have been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet the specific functional architecture remains elusive. Here, employing multi-omics approaches, we investigate stool samples from two distinct cohorts comprising 203 children with mild ASD or typical development. In our screening cohort, regression-based analysis for metabolomic profiling identifies an elevated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to glutamate (Glu) ratio as a metabolic signature of ASD, independent of age and gender.

Gut dysbiosis-induced vitamin B6 metabolic disorder contributes to chronic stress-related abnormal behaviors in a cortisol-independent manner.

Chronic stress can result in various conditions, including psychological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and accelerated brain aging. Gut dysbiosis potentially contributes to stress-related brain disorders in individuals with chronic stress. However, the causal relationship and key factors between gut dysbiosis and brain disorders in chronic stress remain elusive, particularly under non-sterile conditions.

Pyridoxine Prevents Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Pyridoxine has been recommended as a first-line drug to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy; however, its efficacy in preventing PONV remains unclear.

Methods: Patients of 18 to 65 years old, who received elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, were randomized into either the pyridoxine or control group.

Probiotics prevent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-associated hand-foot syndrome and oral mucositis of breast cancer patients following surgery and chemotherapy:a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and oral mucositis (OM) are common adverse events during cancer chemotherapy and can significantly decrease patients' quality of life and chemotherapy adaptation, however, prevention strategies of these complications yet to be established.

Methods: Patients with stage I-III breast cancer, who had surgery and needed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD)-based adjuvant chemotherapy were screened, recruited and randomly assigned to receive either probiotics or placebo (three capsules, twice/day) treatment during the course of chemotherapy from Nov. 2019 to Aug.

STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurologic complication in septic patients with poor prognoses. There is increasing evidence that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, whether sepsis associated with STING changes contributes to cognitive impairment is unknown.

Associations between oral frailty, oral microbiota composition, and postoperative delirium in older adult patients.

Background: Poor oral health, prevalent among the older adults, can undermine overall health and contribute to frailty. Older adults experiencing oral frailty and dysbiosis potentially face an elevated risk of postoperative delirium. This study aims to explore the influence of oral frailty and changes in oral microbiota composition on occurrence of postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

FUT8 Regulates Cerebellar Neurogenesis and Development Through Maintaining the Level of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Cntn2.

Core fucosylation at N-glycans, which is uniquely catalyzed by fucosyltransferase FUT8, plays essential roles in post-translational regulation of protein function. Aberrant core fucosylation leads to neurological disorders in individuals with congenital glycosylation disorders (CDG). However, the underlying mechanisms for these neurological defects remain largely unknown.

Vitamin D can mitigate sepsis-associated neurodegeneration by inhibiting exogenous histone-induced pyroptosis and ferroptosis: Implications for brain protection and cognitive preservation.

Background: Sepsis-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction remain critical challenges worldwide. Vitamin D was reported to reduce neuronal injury and neurotoxicity and its deficiency was associated with neurocognitive disorders. This study investigates the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts neuroprotective potential against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), specifically extracellular histones, in sepsis-related brain dysfunction.

Treatment of two pediatric patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus using CD19-targeted CAR T-cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric patients with SLE remains unexplored. Herein, we present a compelling investigation of two pediatric patients with refractory SLE who underwent infusion of CD19-targeted CAR T-cells.

The impact of diurnal variations on emergence delirium following general anesthesia and surgery in children.

Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a widely recognized issue that prolongs mechanical ventilation and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) resuscitation time, consequently increasing hospital costs and mortality. Postoperative disturbance in circadian rhythms, commonly leading to sleep disorders, has been identified as a significant risk factor for ED. However, the influence of surgery timing (morning vs.

Dexmedetomidine decreases cerebral hyperperfusion incidence following carotid stenting: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a severe complication after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an α adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (ChiCTR1900024416) aims to investigate whether prophylactic low-dose Dex decreases CH-induced brain injury following CAS.

Unfractionated Heparin Enhances Sepsis Prognosis Through Inhibiting Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Imbalance.

Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is commonly used as an anticoagulant in sepsis treatment and has recently been found to have non-anticoagulant effects, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This retrospective clinical data showed that UFH has significant protective effects in sepsis compared to low-molecular-weight heparin and enoxaparin, indicating potential benefits of its non-anticoagulant properties. Recombinant protein chip screening, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking data demonstrated that UFH specifically bound to the cytoplasmic Drp1 protein through its zone 2 non-anticoagulant segment.

Corrigendum: Xenon attenuated neonatal lipopolysaccharide exposure induced neuronal necroptosis and subsequently improved cognition in juvenile rats.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Intraoperative hypotension associated with postoperative acute kidney injury in hypertension patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common surgical complication and is associated with intraoperative hypotension. However, the total duration and magnitude of intraoperative hypotension associated with AKI remains unknown. In this study, the causal relationship between the intraoperative arterial pressure and postoperative AKI was investigated among chronic hypertension patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Perioperative Immunosuppressive Factors during Cancer Surgery: An Updated Review.

Surgical excision of the primary tumor represents the most frequent and curative procedure for solid malignancies. Compelling evidence suggests that, despite its beneficial effects, surgery may impair immunosurveillance by triggering an immunosuppressive inflammatory stress response and favor recurrence by stimulating minimal residual disease. In addition, many factors interfere with the immune effectors before and after cancer procedures, such as malnutrition, anemia, or subsequent transfusion.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates inflammatory response and chronic pain following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer.

Background: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine administration during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer on perioperative inflammatory response and chronic post-surgical pain.

Methods: A cohort of 152 patients with lung cancer scheduled for elective video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery participated in this randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups and administered an equivalent volume of dexmedetomidine (n = 63) or normal saline (n = 63).

RNF31-mediated IKKα ubiquitination aggravates inflammation and intestinal injury through regulating NF-κB activation in human and mouse neonates.

Aims: Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of intestine inflammatory disease, and macrophage is significantly activated during NEC development. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, particularly ubiquitination, play critical roles in immune response. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ubiquitin-modified proteins on macrophage activation and NEC, and discover novel NEC-related inflammatory proteins.