[Involvement of microRNA-145/TGF-β in the regulation of swimming exercise on vascular calcification in type 2 diabetic rats].

The present study aimed to explore the effect of swimming exercise on vascular calcification in type 2 diabetic rats and its related molecular mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC) and diabetes+exercise (DE) groups. The DC and DE groups were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) and fed with high-fat diet to establish type 2 diabetes mellitus model.

Pulmonary microbial spectrum in late-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a kind of respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily spreads through the respiratory tract from human to human. Its extensive and rapid spread has led to a global pandemic, causing great harm to human health and economic development all over the world. Current known evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 has evolved accumulating multiple mutations, with altered infectivity and viral replication capacity.

Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Predisposes to Colitis through Regulation of Gut Microbial Composition and Linoleic Acid Metabolism.

Disrupted gastrointestinal (GI) motility is highly prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its potential causative role remains unknown. Herein, the role and the mechanism of impaired GI motility in colitis pathogenesis are investigated. Increased colonic mucosal inflammation is found in patients with chronic constipation (CC).

Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives.

The development of numerous diseases is significantly influenced by inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos) play a role in controlling inflammatory reactions in various conditions, including chronic inflammatory pain, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the specific targets and roles of M-Exos in regulating inflammation in diseases remain largely unknown.

Depletion of butyrate-producing microbes of the Firmicutes predicts nonresponse to FMT therapy in patients with recurrent infection.

Approximately 10% of individuals diagnosed with infection (CDI) show the resistance to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), with the underlying mechanisms remaining elusive. Deciphering the intricate microbiome profile within this particular subset of FMT-refractory patients via clinical FMT investigations assumes paramount importance, as it holds the key to designing targeted therapeutic interventions tailored for CDI, particularly recurrent CDI (rCDI). A cohort of twenty-three patients afflicted with rCDI, exhibiting congruent clinical baselines, was meticulously selected for FMT.

Comparative efficacy of acupuncture-related therapy for migraine: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Migraine is a worldwide disabling chronic brain disorder, some studies suggest acupuncture-related therapy plays an important role in raising efficiency rates and reducing migraine attacks. However, clinical trials comparing the efficacy of different interventions for migraine are limited and controversial. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to review all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of acupuncture-related therapy for migraine.

Roles of physical exercise-induced MiR-126 in cardiovascular health of type 2 diabetes.

Although physical activity is widely recommended for preventing and treating cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) is an angiogenetic regulator abundant in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). It is primarily involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis for cardiovascular protection.

FTACMT study protocol: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of faecal microbiota transplantation for autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated diffuse developmental disorder that commonly involves gastrointestinal distress and dysbacteriosis. Emerging lines of evidence have shown faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving the clinical outcomes of patients with ASD by re-establishing their intestinal microflora. We are undertaking the first-ever multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of FMT for the treatment of children with both ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms and will assess the feasibility and efficacy outcomes of this strategy.

The Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Combined With Biofeedback for Mixed Constipation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) combined with biofeedback for patients with mixed constipation. Patients who received biofeedback (biofeedback group, = 40) and those who received FMT combined with biofeedback (FMT combination group, = 45) were enrolled. Spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) frequency, Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) score were analyzed to evaluate the effect of treatment.

Exercise or Dietotherapy Is Not Better than Returning to a Regular Diet to Rebuild Lipid Homeostasis of Rats.

Our aim was to explore the effects of dietary and behavior interventions on lipometabolism caused by an unhealthy high-fat diet and the best method to rebuild lipid homeostasis of this lifestyle. Apart from normal diet rats, 34 rats were fed with high-fat emulsion for 4 weeks and then intervened for another 4 weeks. Eight of them were classified into high-fat control group, and 9 were sorted into high-fat diet with rice vinegar group.

Irisin: A New Code Uncover the Relationship of Skeletal Muscle and Cardiovascular Health During Exercise.

Exercise not only produces beneficial effects on muscle itself various molecular pathways, but also mediates the interaction between muscles and other organs in an autocrine/paracrine manner through myokines, which plays a positive role in maintaining overall health. Irisin, an exercise-derived myokine, has been found involved in the regulation of some cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between irisin and cardiovascular health is not fully elucidated and there are some divergences on the regulation of irisin by exercise.

A Deep Learning System to Screen Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.

The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of viral RNA from sputum or nasopharyngeal swab had a relatively low positive rate in the early stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Meanwhile, the manifestations of COVID-19 as seen through computed tomography (CT) imaging show individual characteristics that differ from those of other types of viral pneumonia such as influenza-A viral pneumonia (IAVP). This study aimed to establish an early screening model to distinguish COVID-19 from IAVP and healthy cases through pulmonary CT images using deep learning techniques.

Efficacy and safety of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis prevention in Chinese silicosis patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and completion rate of 3-month, once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid for tuberculosis (TB) prevention among Chinese silicosis patients.

Methods: Male silicosis patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection, aged 18 years to 65 years, with or without latent TB infection, were randomized 1:1 to receive rifapentine/isoniazid under direct observation (3RPT/INH group) or were untreated (observation group). Active TB incidence was compared between the two groups with 37 months of follow-up.

Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series.

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of patients in Zhejiang province, China, infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-2019).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Seven hospitals in Zhejiang province, China.

Exosomes are the novel players involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes.

Exosomes contain regulatory signals such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which can be transferred to adjacent or remote cells to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Exercise is a positive lifestyle for metabolic health and a nonpharmacological treatment of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. Moreover, exercise is a stressor that induces cellular responses including gene expression and exosome release in various types of cells.

Repetitive magnetic stimulation promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells via modulating the expression of miR-106b.

Increasing evidence shows that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) promotes neurogenesis and the expression of microRNA (miR)‑106b. The present study investigated whether rTMS promotes the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and whether the effect is associated with the expression of miR‑106b. NPCs were cultured from the rat hippocampus and exposed to rTMS daily, comprising 1,000 stimuli for 3 days at 10 Hz, with 1.

Microvesicles-mediated communication between endothelial cells modulates, endothelial survival, and angiogenic function via transferring of miR-125a-5p.

Endothelial cells (ECs) released microvesicles (EMVs) could modulate the functions of target cells by transferring their microRNAs (miRs). We have reported that miR-125a-5p protected EC function. In this study, we determined whether EMVs provided beneficial effects on ECs by transferring miR-125a-5p.

Moderate Exercise Enhances Endothelial Progenitor Cell Exosomes Release and Function.

Purpose: Exercise has cardiovascular benefits which might be related to endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). Meanwhile, there is evidence suggesting that EPC-derived exosomes (EPC-EX) promote vascular repair and angiogenesis through their carried microRNA (miR)-126. In this study, we investigated whether exercise could increase the levels of circulating EPC-EX and their miR-126 cargo, and by which promote the protective function of EPC-EX on endothelial cells (EC).

MicroRNA-126 Priming Enhances Functions of Endothelial Progenitor Cells under Physiological and Hypoxic Conditions and Their Therapeutic Efficacy in Cerebral Ischemic Damage.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have shown the potential for treating ischemic stroke (IS), while microRNA-126 (miR-126) is reported to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of miR-126 overexpression on EPCs and explore the efficacy of miR-126-primed EPCs (EPC) in treating IS. The effects of miR-126 overexpression on EPC proliferation, migratory, tube formation capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nitric oxide (NO) generation were determined.

Loading MiR-210 in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Derived Exosomes Boosts Their Beneficial Effects on Hypoxia/Reoxygeneation-Injured Human Endothelial Cells via Protecting Mitochondrial Function.

Background/aims: Stem cell-derived exosomes (EXs) offer protective effects on various cells via their carried microRNAs (miRs). Meanwhile, miR-210 has been shown to reduce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction. In this study, we determined the potential effects of endothelial progenitor cell-derived EXs (EPC-EXs) on hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) injured endothelial cells (ECs) and investigated whether these effects could be boosted by miR-210 loading.

[Efficacy observation of periodic fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of refractory constipation].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of periodic fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for refractory constipation.

Methods: Clinical data of 49 patients with refractory constipation undergoing FMT through standard transplantation path of nasojejunal tube between April 2015 and April 2016 in Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Centre of Nanjing General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Of 49 patients, 25 received single FMT for only 6 days (single group), and 24 received periodic FMT with another 6 days FMT 1 month after the first 6 days FMT (periodic group).

[Efficacy analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of 406 cases with gastrointestinal disorders].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for gastrointestinal disorders.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 406 patients who underwent FMT from May 2014 to April 2016 in the Intestinal Microenvironment Treatment Centre of Nanjing General Hospital was performed, including patients with constipation(276 cases), recurrent Clostridium Difficile infection (RCDI, 61 cases), ulcerative colitis(44 cases), irritable bowel syndrome (15 cases) and Crohn's disease(10 cases). Donors were completely unrelated, 18- to 50-year-old non-pregnant healthy adult, with healthy lifestyle and habits, without taking antibiotics, probiotics and other probiotics history within 3 months.