Emergence of a novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N2) Virus, 2024.

Reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N2) clade 2.3.4.

Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Image Quality of MDCT Multiphasic Liver Scans in HCC Patients.

The quality of CT images obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is complex, affecting diagnostic accuracy, precision, and radiation dose assessment due to increased exposure risks. The study evaluated image quality qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing quality levels with an effective radiation dose to ensure acceptable quality accuracy. This study retrospectively reviewed 100 known HCC patients (Li-RADS-5) who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) multiphasic scans for follow-up of their health condition between January and October 2023.

Recipient Cells Are the Source of Hematologic Malignancies After Graft Failure and Mixed Chimerism in Adults with SCD.

Non-myeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative option for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD). Our traditional goal with this approach has been to achieve a state of mixed donor/recipient chimerism. Recently, we reported an increased risk of hematologic malignancies (HMs) in adults with SCD following graft failure or mixed chimerism.

Research involvement among undergraduate medical students in Bangladesh: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: The involvement of undergraduate medical students in research is pivotal for the advancement of evidence-based clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the extent of research involvement and the factors influencing it among undergraduate medical students in Bangladesh.

Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional study involving 2864 medical students from both public and private medical colleges was conducted between June and December 2023.

The Combination Effect of Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions.

This study investigates the nematicidal efficacy of strain (AUMC 10620) combined with avermectin (B1a and B1b) against the citrus nematode , both in vitro and in vivo. Laboratory experiments tested four concentrations of (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 × 10 spores/mL) mixed with 250 ppm avermectin, assessing their effects on nematode juveniles (J2) and eggs.

Plant secondary metabolites against biotic stresses for sustainable crop protection.

Sustainable agriculture practices are indispensable for achieving a hunger-free world, especially as the global population continues to expand. Biotic stresses, such as pathogens, insects, and pests, severely threaten global food security and crop productivity. Traditional chemical pesticides, while effective, can lead to environmental degradation and increase pest resistance over time.

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against human rhinovirus C utilizing immunoinformatics approach.

Human rhinovirus C (HRV-C) is a significant contributor to respiratory tract infections in children and is implicated in asthma exacerbations across all age groups. Despite its impact, there is currently no licensed vaccine available for HRV-C. Here, we present a novel approach to address this gap by employing immunoinformatics techniques for the design of a multi-epitope-based vaccine against HRV-C.

Adenocarpine, Marmesin, and Lycocernuine from Ficus benjamina as Promising Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase in Diabetes: A Bioinformatics-Guided Approach.

Diabetes affects approximately 422 million people worldwide, leading to 1.5 million deaths annually and causing severe complications such as kidney failure, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Aldose reductase (AR), a key enzyme in the polyol pathway, is an important therapeutic target for managing these complications.

Assessment of thiamine and riboflavin levels in common green leafy vegetables grown in Shariatpur, Bangladesh.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) are essential vitamins because of their important health impact. Twelve different green leafy vegetable-samples including , and indigenous to Shariatpur district in Bangladesh were collected, dried, stored and analyzed. The extraction procedures involved acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the dried vegetable samples.

Magnitude and determinants of intimate partner violence against women in Somalia: evidence from the SDHS survey 2020 dataset.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive issue across Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries, including Somalia. Understanding the prevalence and drivers of IPV against women is crucial for effective prevention and intervention efforts. However, limited research has focused on identifying these determinants specifically in the Somali context.

Didemnins as marine-derived anticancer agents: mechanistic insights and clinical potential.

Didemnins, a class of cyclic depsipeptides derived from marine organisms exhibit notable anticancer properties. Among them, Didemnin B has been extensively researched for its strong antitumor activity and progression to clinical trials. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been impeded by challenges like poor bioavailability and dose-limiting toxicity.

Recent Advancements in Localization Technologies for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy: A Technical Review.

Conventional endoscopy is limited in its ability to examine the small bowel and perform long-term monitoring due to the risk of infection and tissue perforation. Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a painless and non-invasive method of examining the body's internal organs using a small camera that is swallowed like a pill. The existing active locomotion technologies do not have a practical localization system to control the capsule's movement within the body.

Prevalence of Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders are common and significantly impact the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ENT problems among the Saudi population and to explore its association with sociodemographic factors, knowledge, and healthcare utilization. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 participants aged 18-80 years across Saudi Arabia.

Hemi-Gastrocnemius Hemi-Soleus Bi-pedicled Muscle Flap and Bone Transport in Reconstruction of Bone and Soft Tissue Defects in an Open Fracture Tibia Gustilo Type IIIc.

Soft tissue injury in open fracture of the lower extremity represents a challenging trauma that requires complex strategies to reconstruct both bony and soft tissue defects. Various options are available to cover the soft tissue defect in the lower extremities, from simple skin grafting to local fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps. However, when the injury is extensive and involves a large surface area, options for treatment of local flap coverage become limited.

The short-term impact of copayment reductions for government subsidised medicines in Australia.

Background: This study aims to examine the short-term, population-level effects of the 2023 Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) copayment reduction on prescription volume, patients' out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, and government contributions.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study using national data from January 2021 to April 2024. For system-level analysis, we examined all drugs used by general patients, focusing on 252 drugs that were 'above copayment' during 2022-2023.

Genomic Diversity and Evolution of Identified SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Iraq.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to circulate worldwide, causing the deaths of millions of people. The continuous circulation of the virus, its genetic diversity, the emergence of new variants with increased transmissibility, and/or the capacity of the virus to escape from the immune system constitute a major public health concern. In our study, we aimed to characterize SARS-CoV-2 strains in Iraq from the first introduction until the end of 2023, and to identify their variants, lineages, clades, and mutation patterns.

Sex-Based Disparities in Treatment and Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Sex-related treatment disparities are well-documented across various medical conditions, yet their impact on the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate sex-based differences in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC), focusing on both medical and surgical approaches and examining whether biological sex correlates with variations in healthcare utilization. : A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, to identify studies on sex differences in ulcerative colitis (UC) management up to April 2024.

Investigating Seidel energies and thermodynamic properties of benzenoid hydrocarbons through regression models.

In this article, we present the concept of extended Seidel energy by employing a generalized extended matrix to study various molecular properties, including the Kovats retention index, boiling point, enthalpy of formation, entropy, acentric factor, and octanol-water partition coefficient. Our research broadens the scope of energy matrices in graph theory, with a particular emphasis on Sombor energy, reduced Sombor energy, average Sombor energy, Banhatti Sombor energy and reduced Banhatti Sombor energy. We examined the correlation of these graph-based energy descriptors with the thermodynamic properties of Benzenoid hydrocarbons (BHC), uncovering strong relationships between these indices and different molecular attributes.

Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition by pyridostigmine is associated with a reduction in hypertension and inflammation in rat models of preeclampsia.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is marked by hypertension and detrimental sterile inflammatory response. Despite the reported anti-inflammatory effect of pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) in different models, its anti-inflammatory mechanism in PE is unclear. This study assessed whether such an anti-inflammatory effect involves inhibition of placental Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.

Investigating the Synergistic Interactions Between AgNPs and NiCl on the Morpho-Physiological Trajectories of Zea mays L. Through Comprehensive Characterization at Seedling Stage.

Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is preferred for its affordability and environmentally friendly approach. This study explored the synthesis and characterization of silver NPs (AgNPs) and examined their impact on the growth of Zea mays, both alone and in combination with nickel chloride (NiCl). A methanolic leaf extract was combined with silver nitrate to synthesize AgNPs.

Attomolar-sensitive milk fever sensor using 3D-printed multiplex sensing structures.

The diagnosis of milk fever or hypocalcemia in lactating cows has a significant economic impact on the dairy industry. It is challenging to identify asymptomatic subclinical hypocalcemia (SCH) in transition dairy cows. Monitoring subclinical hypocalcemia in milk samples can expedite treatment and improve the health, productivity, and welfare of dairy cows.

Breast density awareness and cancer risk in the UAE: Enhancing Women's engagement in early detection.

Introduction: Increased breast density (BD) is significantly correlated to higher rates of breast cancer (BC), yet awareness among women remains low. This study assesses women's understanding of BD, its implications for cancer risk, and their engagement in screening practices.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 212 women aged 40 to 74 was conducted using an online questionnaire developed within Google Forms, including open and closed-ended questions.

Functional Outcome of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures Fixation by Proximal Femoral Locking Compression Plate.

Subtrochanteric femoral fractures are one of the common fractures encountered in today's Orthopaedic practice. This area consists of mostly cortical bone with high stress generation thus heal slowly which leads implant failure. The inherent instability of this fracture and forces of the muscles with comminuted medial calcar is giving the fracture a tendency to varus collapse.

Peripheral lncRNA NEAT-1, miR374b-5p, and IL6 panel to guide in COVID-19 patients' diagnosis and prognosis.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 virus's frequent mutations have made disease control with vaccines and antiviral drugs difficult; as a result, there is a need for more effective coronavirus drugs. Therefore, detecting the expression of various diagnostic biomarkers, including ncRNA in SARS-CoV2, implies new therapeutic strategies for the disease.

Aim: Our study aimed to measure NEAT-1, miR-374b-5p, and IL6 in the serum of COVID-19 patients, demonstrating the correlation between target genes to explore the possible relationship between them.