Predictors of long-term recovery in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Data from a 22-year longitudinal study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate predictors of long-term recovery from eating disorders 22 years after entry into a longitudinal study.

Method: One hundred and seventy-six of the 228 surviving participants (77.2%) were re-interviewed 20-25 years after study entry using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation to assess ED recovery.

Are eating disorders "all about control?" The elusive psychopathology of nonfat phobic presentations.

Objective: There are a subset of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who do not overevaluate body shape/weight (i.e., nonfat phobic ED; NFP-ED).

Bio-scaffolds in organ-regeneration: Clinical potential and current challenges.

Cadaveric organ transplantation represents the definitive treatment option for end-stage disease but is restricted by the shortage of clinically-viable donor organs. This limitation has, in part, driven current research efforts for in vitro generation of transplantable tissue surrogates. Recent advances in organ reconstruction have been facilitated by the re-purposing of decellularized whole organs to serve as three-dimensional bio-scaffolds.

The impact of social media promotion with infographics and podcasts on research dissemination and readership.

Objective: In 2015 and 2016, the Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine (CJEM) Social Media (SoMe) Team collaborated with established medical websites to promote CJEM articles using podcasts and infographics while tracking dissemination and readership.

Methods: CJEM publications in the "Original Research" and "State of the Art" sections were selected by the SoMe Team for podcast and infographic promotion based on their perceived interest to emergency physicians. A control group was composed retrospectively of articles from the 2015 and 2016 issues with the highest Altmetric score that received standard Facebook and Twitter promotions.

Mutant JAK3 phosphoproteomic profiling predicts synergism between JAK3 inhibitors and MEK/BCL2 inhibitors for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Mutations in the interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) or the Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) kinase occur frequently in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and both are able to drive cellular transformation and the development of T-ALL in mouse models. However, the signal transduction pathways downstream of JAK3 mutations remain poorly characterized. Here we describe the phosphoproteome downstream of the JAK3(L857Q)/(M511I) activating mutations in transformed Ba/F3 lymphocyte cells.

A cluster randomised control trial of a multi-component weight management programme for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity.

There have been few published controlled studies of multi-component weight management programmes that include an energy deficit diet (EDD), for adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity. The objective of this study was to conduct a single-blind, cluster randomised controlled trial comparing a multi-component weight management programme to a health education programme. Participants were randomised to either TAKE 5, which included an EDD or Waist Winners Too (WWToo), based on health education principles.

Teaching diagnostic reasoning: using simulation and mixed practice to build competence.

The acquisition of competence in diagnostic reasoning is essential for medical trainees. Exposure to a variety of patient presentations helps develop the skills of diagnostic reasoning, but reliance on ad hoc clinical encounters is inefficient and does not guarantee timely exposure for all trainees. We present a novel teaching series led by emergency physicians that builds upon the existing medical education literature to teach diagnostic reasoning to preclinical (2nd year) medical students.

Intensive cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in routine clinical practice: A matched comparison audit.

Objectives: Intensive cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be as effective as weekly treatment in controlled trials. In this study, outcome data comparing standard and intensive treatments delivered in routine clinical practice were analysed.

Methods: A consecutive case series of intensive treatment cases were compared to matched control cases who had completed weekly treatment.

How members of the human gut microbiota overcome the sulfation problem posed by glycosaminoglycans.

The human microbiota, which plays an important role in health and disease, uses complex carbohydrates as a major source of nutrients. Utilization hierarchy indicates that the host glycosaminoglycans heparin (Hep) and heparan sulfate (HS) are high-priority carbohydrates for , a prominent member of the human microbiota. The sulfation patterns of these glycosaminoglycans are highly variable, which presents a significant enzymatic challenge to the polysaccharide lyases and sulfatases that mediate degradation.

Comparison of induction of labour regimes for termination of pregnancy, with and without mifepristone, from 20 to 41 weeks gestation.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of mifepristone for induction of labour in pregnancies at 20-41 weeks' gestation, by comparing the outcomes of length of labour and duration of admission in women with and without mifepristone pretreatment.

Method: In this retrospective cohort study, all women who underwent a medical termination of a singleton pregnancy between 20 and 41 weeks gestation for either a fetal abnormality or fetal death in utero between 1 January, 2009 and 1 January, 2014 were identified. Women who went into spontaneous labour, required a primary surgical delivery or had a multiple pregnancy were not included.

Co-Administration of an Excipient Oligonucleotide Helps Delineate Pathways of Productive and Nonproductive Uptake of Phosphorothioate Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Liver.

Phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have progressed rapidly in the clinic for treating a variety of disease indications. We previously demonstrated that the activity of PS ASOs in the liver can be enhanced by co-infusion of an excipient oligonucleotide (EON). It was posited that the EON saturates a nonproductive uptake pathway(s) thereby permitting accumulation of the PS ASO in a productive tissue compartment.

A theory-informed qualitative exploration of social and environmental determinants of physical activity and dietary choices in adolescents with intellectual disabilities in their final year of school.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is higher in those with intellectual disabilities than the general population. The aim of the study was to understand the determinants of physical activity and dietary patterns in this population during their final year of school.

Method: Qualitative data were generated from 10 interviews with adolescents with mild-moderate intellectual disabilities.

Evaluation of a Trauma-Focused CBT Training Programme for IAPT services.

Background: Therapists in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services are often expected to treat complex presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as individuals with multiple, prolonged or early life trauma histories and significant co-morbidity, for which they have received minimal training. Although high recovery rates for PTSD have been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, these are not always replicated in routine practice, suggesting that training interventions are required to fill the research-practice gap.

Aims: This study investigated the outcomes of a therapist training programme on treating PTSD with trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT).

Harnessing the power of proteomics for identification of oncogenic, druggable signalling pathways in cancer.

Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of tumours has revolutionised our understanding of cancer. However, the majority of tumours possess multiple mutations, and determining which oncogene, or even which pathway, to target is difficult. Proteomics is emerging as a powerful approach to identify the functionally important pathways driving these cancers, and how they can be targeted therapeutically.

VEGF-related polymorphisms identified by GWAS and risk for major depression.

Depression is a common, severe, disabling mental disease that affects millions of people of all ages worldwide. Various studies have shown that neurotrophic/growth factors have a key role in depression and, more specifically, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential links between four VEGF-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and depression.

Investigation of Taper Failure in a Contemporary Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty System Through Examination of Unused and Explanted Prostheses.

Background: Large-diameter (≥36-mm) metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacements have been shown to fail at an unacceptably high rate. Globally, the DePuy Pinnacle prosthesis was the most widely used device of this type. There is evidence to suggest that one of the main reasons for the poor clinical performance of large-diameter MoM prostheses is the metal debris released from the head-stem taper junction-i.

Will I get fat? 22-year weight trajectories of individuals with eating disorders.

Objective: For some, fat phobia or fear of uncontrollable weight gain is diagnostic of eating disorders, often inhibiting treatment engagement and predicting symptom relapse. Prior research has reported weight changes at infrequent or long intervals, but rate, shape, and magnitude of long-term changes remain unknown. Our study examined 22-year longitudinal trajectories of body mass index (BMI) in women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).

A qualitative exploration of participants' experiences of taking part in a walking programme: Perceived benefits, barriers, choices and use of intervention resources.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience significant inequalities and tend to be more sedentary and less physically active than the wider population. Walking programmes are an effective way to increase physical activity (PA) but have not been used in studies involving adults with intellectual disabilities.

Method: Nineteen adults with intellectual disabilities participated in semistructured interviews or focus groups exploring their experiences of taking part in a walking programme (Walk Well).

Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa at 22-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: The course of eating disorders is often protracted, with fewer than half of adults achieving recovery from anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Some argue for palliative management when duration exceeds a decade, yet outcomes beyond 20 years are rarely described. This study investigates early and long-term recovery in the Massachusetts General Hospital Longitudinal Study of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa.

Modeling emissions from CAFO poultry farms in Poland and evaluating potential risk to surrounding populations.

The world-wide use of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for livestock production demands the need to evaluate the potential impact to public health. We estimated the exposure of various airborne pollutants for populations residing in close proximity to 10 poultry CAFOs located in Central Poland. Ammonia (NH), carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (HS), methane (CH), nitrogen dioxide (NO), nitrous oxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), and organic dust were the pollutants of interest for this study.

a feasibility study to explore the lifestyle behaviours of young adults with intellectual disabilities as they transition from school to adulthood-a study protocol.

Background: The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a 'high-risk' period for weight gain in the general population. There is speculation that this may also be a risk period for adults with intellectual disabilities; however, there has been no research which has monitored change in health indicators. Since adults with intellectual disabilities have higher rates of obesity and engage in more sedentary behaviour and less physical activity than the general population, there is a need to understand more about the lifestyle behaviours of this population during the transition to adulthood.

A follow-up study of the in-practice results of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in the management of nonunion fractures.

During normal fracture repair, healing occurs within a few months. However, for a minority of patients, the processes of bone repair are compromised or interrupted leading to the development of delayed union and nonunion fractures. Noninvasive bone growth stimulators using pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) technology are currently in widespread use by patients with impaired fracture healing.

Antenatal foetal heart monitoring.

Antenatal foetal heart rate assessment was introduced into clinical medicine before clear evidence of any benefits had been reported. Ad hoc definitions were used to define normal and abnormal recordings resulting in a high false-positive rate for foetal compromise. The understanding of the foetal states resulted in an improved physiologically based assessment of the antenatal tracings and allowed their classification as (i) reactive - 2 accelerations in 10 min within a recording period of 120 min, (ii) unreactive - no accelerations seen in 120 min of tracing and (iii) decelerative - the presence of repetitive decelerations on an otherwise unreactive trace.