A systematic review of obesity burden in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated co-morbidities.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has experienced an increasing trend in obesity prevalence in the last three decades; obesity is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases, which may cause healthcare and economic burdens. In this systematic review, we aim to explore the obesity prevalence, obesity-related complications (ORCs), and the economic burden of obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Literature searches for relevant local studies across Saudi Arabia spanning 2012 to 2022 were performed in PubMed and EMBASE, along with supplementary searches for relevant congress abstracts.

Comparative evaluation of the effects of laser and chemical denture disinfectants on the surface characteristics of CAD-CAM and conventional denture resins: An in vitro experimental study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Ga-Al-Ar diode, Nd:YAG lasers, and chemical disinfectants (NaOCl, vinegar, and Corega) on surface roughness (Ra) and hardness (VHN) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), thermoplastic polyamide, milled and 3D-printed denture base resins.

Materials And Methods: About 432 specimens of PMMA, thermoplastic polyamide, milled, and 3D-printed resins were divided into six subgroups (n = 18): distilled water (control:C), Ga-Al-Ar diode laser (L1), Nd:YAG laser (L2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), vinegar (AA), and Corega (CR). Each specimen's Ra and VHN were measured.

Evaluation of comparative effect between aluminum hydroxide gel and montanide (ISA 70) in potency and protection of locally prepared rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) vaccines in rabbits.

Background: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute infectious disease that damages the rabbit industry by producing significant mortality rates in young and adult rabbits. RHD is better controlled by vaccination.

Objective: The current study's goal was to prepare and evaluate the immuno-enhancing effect of montanide ISA70 and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)) gel incorporated within the inactivated RHDV2 vaccine and assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against the homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 strains in rabbits.

Impact of prosthetic rehabilitation on oral health-related quality of life of Saudi Adults: A prospective observational study with pre-post design.

This study aimed to assess the impact of prosthetic treatment on the quality of life of partially/completely edentulous patients through the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scale. This pre-post observational study was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, between November 2022 and September 2023. Eligible participants were those aged between 26 and 80, in need of prosthetic treatment, and able to complete the questionnaire voluntarily.

Different wavelengths of laser: are they significant for treatment of denture stomatitis?: an in-vitro study.

Background: Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory disorder that affects the mucosal surface underneath the dentures and frequently causes oral mucosal irritation, discomfort, and altered taste perception, which prevents people from consuming enough nutrients. One of the main causes of DS is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans).

Alterations in Inflammatory Markers and Cognitive Ability after Treatment of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

: Determination of the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the cognitive function (CF), and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and 1β levels and the effect of OSA management on these variables in children. : A total of 224 patients were evaluated using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, the NEPSY score for CF, and polysomnography (PSG) to grade OSA severity according to the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI). Adentonsillectomy (AT) was performed for patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy grade > 2.

The Impact of Obesity in Saudi Arabia: Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Obesity-Related Complications.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of obesity, which increases the risk of individuals experiencing multiple chronic complications. Only a few publications highlight the healthcare costs of obesity-related complications (ORCs) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A micro-costing approach was used to estimate the healthcare costs associated with 10 ORCs.

Obesity Burden and Impact of Weight Loss in Saudi Arabia: A Modelling Study.

Background: Obesity and its complications are associated with morbidity, mortality and high economic cost in Saudi Arabia. Estimating this impact at the population level and potential benefits to be gained from obesity reduction is vital to underpin policy initiatives to prevent disease risks.

Methods: We combined data in an adapted version of the value of weight loss simulation model, to predict reductions in complication rates and cost savings achievable with 15% weight loss in Saudi Arabia over 10 years.

A review of mechanical thrombectomy techniques for acute ischemic stroke.

Mechanical thrombectomy is established as standard of care in the management of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion and evidence-based guidelines for mechanical thrombectomy have been defined. As research continues to further expand the eligibility criteria for thrombectomy and the number of thrombectomy procedures increase worldwide, there is also growing focus on innovation of thrombectomy devices, procedural techniques, and related outcomes. Thrombectomy primarily involves use of stent retrievers and distal aspiration techniques, but variations and different combinations of techniques have been reported.

Outcomes of Bifocal Transport Distraction Osteogenesis for Repairing Complicated Unilateral Alveolar Cleft.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the outcomes of bifocal transport distraction osteogenesis (BTDO) for closure of a wide or previously failed unilateral alveolar cleft.

Methods: Patient in this study had a large alveolar cleft that had not healed with bone grafts. Bone-borne distraction was used under general anesthesia.

Does renal transplant in children with LUTD improve their bladder function?

Much is still unknown about LUT function after receiving renal graft. Graft function was the main focus of different studies discussing the same issue. However, these studies ignored the effects of the graft on lower tract function and more demand for bladder cycling and growth of the child.

Effective Elimination of Contaminant Antibiotics Using High-Surface-Area Magnetic-Functionalized Graphene Nanocomposites Developed from Plastic Waste.

The presence of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments represents a risk for the equilibrium of the ecosystem and may seriously affect human safety itself in the long term. To address this issue, we have synthesized functional materials based on highly-reduced graphene oxide (HRGO), sulfonated graphene (SG), and magnetic sulfonated graphene (MSG). The method of synthesis adopted is simple and inexpensive and makes use of plastic bottle waste as the raw material.

Fabrication of a novel low-cost superoleophilic nonanyl chitosan-poly (butyl acrylate) grafted copolymer for the adsorptive removal of crude oil spills.

A novel superoleophilic-hydrophobic nonanyl chitosan-poly (butyl acrylate) grafted copolymer was fabricated as a low-cost oil-adsorbent. Chitosan (CS) was coupled with a hydrophobic nonanal (N) to form nonanyl chitosan (NCS) schiff base, and followed by grafting with butyl acrylate monomers (ButA). The grafted copolymer was characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM tools.

Fabrication of biodegradable gelatin/chitosan/cinnamaldehyde crosslinked membranes for antibacterial wound dressing applications.

This study intends to fabricate new biodegradable and antimicrobial membranes based on crosslinked gelatin/chitosan biopolymers. Cinnamaldehyde was incorporated into membranes for boosting their antimicrobial activities. FTIR spectroscopy and electronic spectrum analysis were used to prove their chemical structures, while SEM and TGA analysis were applied to investigate the morphological changes and the thermal properties of the crosslinked membranes.

Access to care for non-communicable diseases in Mosul, Iraq between 2014 and 2017: a rapid qualitative study.

During June 2014 to April 2017, the population of Mosul, Iraq lived in a state of increasing isolation from the rest of Iraq due to the city's occupation by the Islamic State group. As part of a study to develop a generalisable method for estimating the excess burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in conflict-affected settings, in April-May 2017 we conducted a brief qualitative study of self-reported care for NCDs among 15 adult patients who had fled Mosul and presented to Médecins Sans Frontières clinics in the Kurdistan region with hypertension and/or diabetes. Participants reported consistent barriers to NCD care during the so-called Islamic State period, including drug shortages, insecurity and inability to afford privately sold medication.

leaves methanolic extract alleviates diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.

This study evaluated the antitumor activity of a methanolic extract from the leaves of (ZSCL) against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats. The phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ZSCL extract were investigated. Male Wistar rats were distributed among 6 groups: () normal control; () ZSCL1-treated rats (100 mg/kg body mass; "b.

Effectiveness of Intra-anal Biofeedback and Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Children With Refractory Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis: A Comparative Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects of intra-anal biofeedback (BF) and intra-anal electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) activity, nocturnal bladder capacity, and frequency of wet night episodes in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE).

Methods: Ninety children of both sexes aged 8-12 years with refractory PMNE participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number: control group (CON) that underwent behavioral therapy and PFM training, and 2 study groups (BF and ES) that underwent the same program in addition to intra-anal BF training and intra-anal ES, respectively.

Computed Tomography Assessment of Hepatic Metastases of Breast Cancer with Revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) Criteria (Version 1.1): Inter-Observer Agreement.

Background: To assess inter-observer agreement of revised RECIST criteria (version 1.1) for computed tomography assessment of hepatic metastases of breast cancer.

Material/methods: A prospective study was conducted in 28 female patients with breast cancer and with at least one measurable metastatic lesion in the liver that was treated with 3 cycles of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

Antibacterial and antioxidative activity of O-amine functionalized chitosan.

Cinnamaldehyde was immobilized to O-amine functionalized chitosan via a coupling reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed N-cinnamyl substitution. Wetting analyses demonstrate more hydrophobicity in the N-cinnamyl substituted O-amine functionalized chitosan compared to chitosan or unsubstituted O-amine functionalized chitosan.

RNF168 and USP10 regulate topoisomerase IIα function via opposing effects on its ubiquitylation.

Topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α) is essential for chromosomal condensation and segregation, as well as genomic integrity. Here we report that RNF168, an E3 ligase mutated in the human RIDDLE syndrome, interacts with TOP2α and mediates its ubiquitylation. RNF168 deficiency impairs decatenation activity of TOP2α and promotes mitotic abnormalities and defective chromosomal segregation.

Convergence of a diabetes mellitus, protein energy malnutrition, and TB epidemic: the neglected elderly population.

Background: On a global scale, nearly two billion persons are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From this vast reservoir of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, a substantial number will develop active TB during their lifetime, with some being able to transmit TB or Multi-drug- resistant (MDR) TB to others. There is clinical evidence pointing to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases including TB among individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Serum C3 and uterine artery Doppler indices at 14-20 weeks gestation for preeclampsia screening in low-risk primigravidas: A prospective observational study.

Problem: Preeclampsia affects 2-10% of human pregnancies with poor screening tests. In order to intervene preventively, high risk population should be identified before the 20th week of pregnancy and by a method not subjected to operator efficiency.

Methodology: Prospective observational study recruiting 825 low risk primigravidas.

Deep sternal wound infection after coronary artery bypass: How to manage?

Mediastinitis is a devastating sternal wound complication. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors, mortality, and different treatment modalities of mediastinitis after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. From January 2007 to May 2010, 1424 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were studied retrospectively; 1398 (group 1) had no mediastinitis, and 26 (group 2) developed mediastinitis.

New genetic markers for diagnosis of hepatitis C related hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients.

Background And Aim: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) enhances effective and curative management. New genetic markers with distinct diagnostic ability are required.

Aim: determine the expression of GPC3, PEG10, SERPINI1, MK and QP-C in the peripheral blood of HCC patients.

Prevalence of iron overload complications among patients with b-thalassemia major treated at Dubai Thalassemia Centre.

Background And Objectives: Authors and team members of the Dubai Thalassemia Centre obtained data on the prevalence of iron overload complications among patients with b-thalassemia major (b-TM) and compared it to international data to improve patient care and evaluate the effectiveness of earlier used treatment modalities. The information obtained is also expected to be useful in genetic counseling.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study of all living transfusion-dependent b-TM patients registered at the Thalassemia Centre in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, until the end of 2007 (n=382).