Oral mucosal findings related to tobacco use and alcohol consumption: a study on Swiss army recruits involving self-reported and clinical data.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the oral mucosal health status of young male adults (aged 18 to 24 years) in Switzerland and to correlate their clinical findings with self-reported risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption.

Materials And Methods: Data on the oral health status of 615 Swiss Army recruits were collected using a standardised self-reported questionnaire, followed by an intraoral examination. Positive clinical findings were classified as (1) common conditions and anatomical variants, (2) reactive lesions, (3) benign tumour lesions and (4) premalignant lesions.

[Oral erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia: red and red-white dysplastic lesions of the oral mucosa--part 2: cytodiagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prognostic aspects].

The second part of the present review article presents and discusses the current literature regarding cytodiagnostic aspects, pathogenesis, therapy, incidence of recurrence, and malignant transformation rate of oral erythroplakia (OE) and oral erythroleukoplakia (OEL). Oral cytopathology, eventually in combination with DNA cytometry, can add valuable information to conventional histopathology, but is not able yet to replace the aforementioned. Numerous molecular genetic variants have been studied in precancerous lesions to gain knowledge about the prognosis of these lesions.

[Oral erythroplakia and erythroleukoplakia: red and red-white dysplastic lesions of the oral mucosa--part 1: epidemiology, etiology, histopathology and differential diagnosis].

Oral erythroplakia (OE) and oral erythroleukoplakia (OEL; synonym: speckled leukoplakia) are working diagnoses for red and red-white lesions of the oral mucosa after exclusion of all other possible diagnoses for lesions with a similar clinical appearance. A good knowledge of oral medicine and possible differential diagnoses of oral mucosal pathologies is mandatory to correctly detect OE and OEL on this exclusion basis. In the present review article in a series of two, epidemiologic data, etiologic factors, possible differential diagnoses, and the histopathologic characteristics of OE and OEL will be presented and discussed regarding the current literature.

[Perityphlitic abscess after perforated appendicitis with carcinoid of the appendix].

Appendix carcinoid in children is a rare condition which is found by accident at the histological examination of the appendix. We report on a rare case in which a covered perforation of a diverticulum had occurred. First of all the patient was treated conservatively with antibiotics and 2 months later the appendectomy à froid was performed.

Echinococcus granulosus infection of the liver and lung in an 8 1/2-year-old boy.

We report on an 8 1/2-year-old boy with an echinococcus granulosus infection of the liver and lung, drawing particular attention to the therapy applied. This therapy consists on the one hand of medicinal treatment with Mebendazol and on the other hand of two subsequent operations with resection of the cysts. The course of the illness is illustrated by means of the most important laboratory parameters; an indication of the present serological diagnostic is also given.

Congenital esophagostenosis.

By means of two of our own cases we report on congenital esophagostenosis which occurs in a proportion of 1:50,000. The typical clinical symptoms consist of frequent vomiting, regurgitation of undigested food particles which have no acid smell, and regurgitation of viscous mucus and saliva. In the last decade direct operative treatment has taken the place of primary bougienage therapy.

[Abdominal lymphangioma in childhood].

The symptoms of abdominal lymphangioma are unspecific and depend on site and size of the tumor. The most frequent symptoms consist of pain up to the clinical picture of a pseudo-appendicitis, digestive problems, palpable or even exterior visible tumors such as the pseudo-ascites. Often the diagnosis cannot be found by clinical examination or further investigation.

Congenital scalp and skull defects with terminal transverse limb anomalies (Adams-Oliver syndrome): report of three additional cases.

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp combined with terminal transverse limb defects (Adams-Oliver syndrome) is a rare congenital disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. Thirty-one patients with the complete syndrome have been published. We report three additional patients (one mother and her affected child, one sporadic case) and discuss the probable vascular disruptive pathogenesis, the clinical variability and the treatment of this condition in the light of a comprehensive review of the literature.

[Pharmacodynamics of erythromycin lactobionate during tonsillectomy in children].

In 22 children serum levels and concentration of erythromycin in the tonsil tissue after intravenous injection were measured. The concentration of erythromycin in the tonsils one hour after injection was four times the serum level. Two hours after injection the ratio was reduced significantly to 1.

[Sclerosing treatment with ethoxysclerol in anal prolapse in children].

In 1980 we began the perianal injection treatment in children with anorectal prolapse. We can now report on 31 patients. In 1982 we reported on our first experiences with 6 children.

[Surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis--a retrospective study from 1975 to 1987].

Between 1975 and 1987 15 patients were operatively treated at the St. Gallen Children's Hospital for necrotising enterocolitis. The number of patients cured and those who died, as well as the time of outbreak of the illness, age and treatment are shown in tabular form.

[Traumatic hip dislocation in the child].

We report on 20 own cases of the past 20 years. Traumatic hip dislocation in children, which is a rare event, should be primarily reduced under anaesthesia as quickly as possible. An open reduction is only necessary with the luxatio obturatoria if a sole conservative reduction attempt is unsuccessful.

[Cavernous hemangioma of the epididymis, a case report].

This report concerns the case of an unusual tumour of the epididymis, i.e. a haemangioma.

[Long-term results of Ombrédanne hypospadias operations].

Experience during twenty years with the Ombrédanne method for the correction of hypospadias demonstrates that good functional and cosmetic late results are achieved with the surgical technique of our days. The disadvantage of the two-stage procedure is compensated by the advantage of safer operation technique with low risk of fistula formation and by the fact that no catheter is necessary.

[BCG osteitis in Switzerland. A report of 6 cases].

BCG osteitis is a rare complication after vaccination in the newborn. On the basis of various, not yet fully known mechanisms, an increase in the number of cases is nevertheless possible. In the period 1980-1985 the authors recorded 6 instances of BCG osteitis.

[Double uterus malformation with unilateral kidney agenesis].

When double uterus is observed, absence of one kidney is common. These rare congenital anomalies are known in literature. In the years 1980-1984 we observed four cases.

[Rare stomach tumor--cystic leiomyoma in childhood].

We report about a rare gastric tumour of a child and discuss the important literature.

[Polar resection in double kidneys in childhood].

78 cases of double kidneys without vesico-uretero-renal reflux, in which a heminephrectomy was done, were histologically investigated. The histopathological results were compared with the clinic and the urogram. It could be demonstrated that the results did not correspond in some cases.

[Uterus duplication abnormalities with unilateral kidney agenesis, a report on 5 cases].

Uterus malformation with renal agenesis at the same time are rare but well-known in literature. The leading symptom is dysmenorrhoea, pain in the lower abdomen increasing with each menstruation and a growing tumour in the small pelvis. We consider sonography of the small pelvis as being the optimal diagnostic examination.

[Conservative and operative treatment of the funnel chest].

For the last 30 years, interest in chest wall anomalies has been growing. On the one hand physicians and patients were seeking advice and help from specialists, whereas on the other hand the media devoted more time and space to this subject. The present contribution deals with the funnel chest (cobblers' chest).