Schistosomiasis control in Senegal: results from community data analysis for optimizing preventive chemotherapy intervention with praziquantel.

Background: Over the past two decades, preventive chemotherapy (PC) with praziquantel (PZQ) is the major strategy for controlling schistosomiasis in Senegal. The objective of this analysis was to update the endemicity of schistosomiasis at community level for better targeting mass treatment with PZQ in Senegal.

Methods: Demographic and epidemiological data from 1610 community health areas were analyzed using the schistosomiasis community data analysis tool of Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases which developed by World Health Organization/Africa Office (WHO/AFRO).

Restarting Neglected Tropical Diseases Programs in West Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Best Practices.

Countries across West Africa began reporting COVID-19 cases in February 2020. By March, the pandemic began disrupting activities to control and eliminate neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) as health ministries ramped up COVID-19-related policies and prevention measures. This was followed by interim guidance from the WHO in April 2020 to temporarily pause mass drug administration (MDA) and community-based surveys for NTDs.

[Optimizing biopsies of the oral mucosa].

We had for aim to describe and illustrate the artefacts observed in biopsies of the oral mucosa, as well as the impact of sending non-representative histological material to a laboratory. This article was based on an international literature review, as well as on our experience. We analysed the problems raised, for the pathologists and the histology lab-technicians, by these artefacts as well as their impact on the pathology report patient management.

Bcl-2 expression and its possible influence on malignant transformation of oral lichen planus.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the malignant potential of oral lichen planus (OLP) on the basis of the expression of the Bcl-2 marker in healthy individuals (H), patients with OLP and patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and to establish potential interdependence between expression of Bcl-2 and the different clinical and histopathological parameters in H, OLP, and SCC.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2 was carried out using an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. Tissue sections were treated with mouse monoclonal antibody against Bcl-2 (124, DAKO A/S, Denmark; dilution 1/100).

Expression of Fas/FasL in patients with oral lichen planus.

Purpose: To investigate the malignant potential of oral lichen planus (OLP) on the basis of expression of the Fas/FasL markers in healthy individuals (H), OLP patients and patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patients And Methods: 40 patients with OLP and two control groups were included in this research (H and patients with SCC). Immunohistochemistry for Fas and FasL was carried out using an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method.

[Genic alterations in oral and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: analysis of international literature].

The development of oral and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas occurs in relation with multiple events including mainly: loss of cycle cell control, evasion from apoptosis, telomerase reactivation. Complex interactions between a set of molecules, cell cycle proteins, tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes and the telomerase, occur in the multiple step process of carcinogenesis. The 2 main ways of control of the cell cycle rely on 2 tumour suppressor genes: the P53 gene and the retinoblastoma gene or RB gene.

4.2 Clinical records and global diagnostic codes.

A clinical record should include the personal demographic details of the patient, health status, diagnostic information and management/treatment options. However, clinical records are of little use without effective filing and retrieving systems. Coding is therefore necessary to deal with large amounts of differing data and a global coding system could be effectively developed through the use of information technology.

Treatment of chronic erosive oral lichen planus with low concentrations of topical tacrolimus: an open prospective study.

Background: Chronic erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) is a severe form of lichen of the buccal mucosa that is often resistant to systemic or topical therapies.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus, 0.1 mg per 100 mL of water, in treating EOLP.

Nuclear DNA content, an adjunct to p53 and Ki-67 as a marker of resistance to radiation therapy in oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Factors of prognosis and radioresistance in oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OCPSCC) are limited. In the present study, the usefulness of tumor DNA content in predicting radioresistance in patients with OCPSCC has been investigated. Radioresistance has been defined as local recurrence or tumor persistence after radiation therapy.

Update on mucous membrane pemphigoid: a heterogeneous immune-mediated subepithelial blistering entity.

Most oral involvement in the skin diseases (dermatoses) is related to mucous membrane pemphigoid or lichen planus. Mucous membrane pemphigoid was the subject of a European Symposium held in Turin, Italy, in June 1997. This review is based on that symposium.

Oral inflammatory pseudotumour: immunohistochemical investigation of a case involving the submandibular gland and review of the literature.

Inflammatory pseudotumours (IPs) are rare lesions. Most commonly reported in the lung, they are almost ubiquitous, but few oral cases have been described. Their rapid growth, local invasiveness and recurrence, and their ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aspects are confusing and mimic benign or malignant neoplasms.

In vitro antifungal resistance of oral Candida albicans strains in non-AIDS patients.

Some cases of oral candidosis are refractory to antifungal treatment. This might be related to development of resistant Candida strains, but susceptibility testing is not standardized and not routinely available, and information related to this problem is scarce in non-AIDS patients. In this study, the in vitro antifungal resistance of oral Candida albicans strains was evaluated.

Markers of radioresistance in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.

Purpose: The lack of accurate criteria to predict the response to radiotherapy for individual patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HN-SCC) remains a major problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of several biologic tumor markers to complement clinical prognostic factors in the assessment of response to radiotherapy in SCCs.

Patients And Methods: p53, ki-67, c-erb B-2, heat-shock protein-27 (HSP-27), and glutathione S transferase (GSTpi) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on biopsies from 101 patients treated for head and neck cancer by radical radiotherapy.

[Drug-induced xerostomia].

Hyposalivation is related to decreased salivary flow, with xerostomia as an ultimate degree. Prolonged severe hyposalivation or xerostomia may induce oral pain, poor tolerance to dentures, loss in taste acuity and increased incidence of oral infections: gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidosis, infectious sialadenitis and multiple dental caries. Most of the time hyposalivation is a reversible drug-induced side-effect.

[Buccal dryness, xerostomia and measurement of salivary secretory activity].

Xerostomia is a marked reduction in saliva production and may occur as an early symptom of various systemic diseases. It is also secondary to the administration of numerous drugs. Severity of salivary gland dysfunction cannot be predicted from subjective reports of oral dryness by patient, and accurate assessments of salivary gland function should be managed.

Oral carriage of Helicobacter pylori: a review.

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, motile bacterium, especially adapted to life in the human stomach. The presence of H. pylori in the stomach is strongly associated with chronic gastritis and ulcer disease and is a risk factor for gastric cancers.

Oral cryptococcosis: case report of salivary gland involvement in an AIDS patient.

Salivary cryptococcosis was disclosed at autopsy in an AIDS patient with disseminated C. neoformans infection. H & E staining was not suitable to demonstrate the occurrence of C.

p53 overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: review of the literature.

As a tumour suppressor gene, the inactivation of p53 induces the development of numerous human cancers. Mutations of p53 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HN-SCC) at a high incidence. In premalignant lesions and in situ carcinomas, p53 overexpression is not exclusively restricted to neoplastic cells, but frequently affects the normal appearing keratinocytes adjacent to p53 positive neoplasms or present in dysplastic areas.

Histological and ultrastructural study of one case of oral bacillary angiomatosis in HIV disease and review of the literature.

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a new clinicopathological entity defined as a pseudo-neoplastic capillary proliferation secondary to an opportunistic infection by one of two Rochalimaea sp.: R. quintana or R.

Oral leishmaniasis and Kaposi's sarcoma in an AIDS patient.

In the Mediterranean basin area, visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic disease caused by Leishmania donovani infantum. This study describes the clinical and pathological features of one patient with AIDS who had oral (tonsillar) leishmaniasis, caused by a viscerotropic zymodeme, concurrent with a Kaposi's sarcoma and with a CMV infection.

Epstein-Barr virus DNA detection in gingival tissues of patients undergoing surgical extractions.

The main oral manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is hairy leukoplakia, a lesion associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and occasionally in other immunocompromised patients. However, the recent literature describes the presence of viral genome in clinically normal oral tissues. The purpose of this work was to investigate these occult EBV infections in gingival epithelium.

Southern blot detection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) DNA sequences in gingival tissues.

The highly sensitive and specific methods of molecular biology emphasize the frequency of subclinical infections in the genital tract tissues by the human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The purpose of this work was to investigate occult viral infections by the HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18 in the gingival tissues. The Southern blot method with 32P-radiolabeled DNA probes applied under stringent conditions to 20 interproximal gingival papilla specimens revealed homologous viral sequences in 1 of 6 cases of adult periodontitis (HPV 16), 1 of 2 cases of rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP) (HPV 6/HPV 11), 2 of 2 cases of acute gingivitis in psychiatric institutionalized patients (HPV 6; HPV 6/HPV 11), and 2 of 10 cases of acute gingivitis in AIDS patients (HPV 6/HPV 11/HPV 16; HPV 6).

[Gingival hyperplasia secondary to the use of calcium antagonists: analysis].

Calcium antagonists are drugs restricting transmembrane calcium delivery. They possess a wide range of action against vasoconstriction and spastic reactions and were therefore initially recommended for the treatment of angina pectoris. With the increasing number and classes of calcium antagonists new therapeutic indications have emerged.